Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intensive application of sodium fluoride varnish in prevention of caries in molars in children between 6 and 7 years and to evaluate the caries status in molars before and after application of fluoride varnish (Cavity Shield).

Objective:The study was done to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment among orphan children. Materials and methods:The sample consisted of 165 orphan children aged between 12 and 15 years. A clinical examination was used to determine the orthodontic treatment need according to the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The statistical software namely SPSS version 15.0 was used for the analysis different parameters as gender and age. Results:The prevalence of definite, severe and very severe malocclusion was more among males than females and it increased with age. 16.4% subjects needed orthodontic treatment ranging from slight to mandatory form. Clinical significance:The prevalence and severity of malocclusion was more among orphan children as they are deprived of healthy lifestyle. So, they should be identified and corrective measures instituted at the earliest to prevent a widespread impact on their psychological development.

Endodontic treatment makes the tooth brittle due to loss of bulk of tooth structure, decrease in the moisture content of dentin and dentin elasticity. The following study was carried out to evaluate the effect of endodontic treatment on the fracture resistance of the tooth and reinforcing ability of three different core materials. The following study comprised of sample size of 30 deciduous second molars divided into control group (6) and test group (24). Access opening was done in 24 and 18th teeth with access opening were restored with three different core materials namely IRM (6), silver amalgam (6), GIC (6). All the 30 were subjected to fracture test using UTM (Universal testing machine)- Instron 95. Result showed a drastic reduction in the fracture resistance of the tooth on access opening (1/3rd) and out of the three core materials glass ionomer was shown to be the best core material giving the highest fracture registrance followed by silver amalgam and IRM. How to cite this article Shah P, Gugwad SC, Bhat C, Lodaya R. Effect of Three Different Core Materials on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Deciduous Mandibular Second Molars: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):66-70.

Introduction: Dental caries is a multifactorial microbial infectious disease characterised by demineralisation of the inorganic and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth. To combat dental caries the application of nanotechnology includes the inhibition of formation of biofilm and regulating the balance of demineralisation-remineralisation processes, ensuring a possible mechanism that can aid in prevention and treatment of tooth decay. Initial caries progression may be prevented by suitable surface treatment, by applying surface remineralising agents. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of remineralising potential of Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) gel, Chitosan nanoparticles and Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) on microhardness of artificial carious lesions created on extracted teeth. Materials and Methods: This was an in-vitro experimental study associated with Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad conducted during a period of two months (October and November 2019) at Mechanical Department of Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Islampur, Maharashtra. The total sample size was 30 premolar teeth. In this in-vitro study, test materials Chitosan nanoparticles, Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride gel (APF) varnishes were manipulated and applied (10 in each group) in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Artificial carious lesions were created in the enamel. This was achieved by suspending the teeth in an artificial caries system. Baseline microhardness was then recorded using Vickers Hardness Test and varnish application was carried out. Samples were then placed separately in a demineralisation solution for three hours. Thereafter, samples were placed in a remineralisation solution. Any change in microhardness was determined by evaluating the Vickers Hardness Test at the end of 28 days. The data was then recorded, tabulated and statistically analysed using Kruskal-Wallis Test and Wilcoxon Signed Test for inter and intra groups comparisons to find out if there was a significant difference. Results: All the three varnishes i.e., Chitosan nanoparticle, silver diamine fluoride and APF gel in intragroup comparison after intervention showed significant differences with Chitosan nanoparticle showing the highest increase in microhardness with p-value of 0.001 followed by SDF with p-value of 0.005 and APF gel with p-value of 0.005. Conclusion: All the three varnishes increased enamel microhardness significantly. Chitosan nanoparticle showed highest increase in remineralisation followed by SDF and APF gel. Hence, varnish application is a good method in remineralising the tooth.

Background: Dental Health Education in teachers has prominently invested the knowledge aboutvarious aspects of paediatric dentistry. Oral health theories and implementations can be augmentedand reinforced by teachers who can work allied with dental professionals thereby bringing noteworthyimprovement in oral health status of children. Therefore it is analytical to ascertain knowledge andpositive attitude towards various aspects of paediatric dentistry of primary school teachers who area primary care giver and mentor to children. Material and Methods: The interventional study wasoutlined by two stage cluster sample. A total of four thirty seven primary school teachers took partin the research where the data was first collected by a close ended questionnaire. Re- evaluation wasconducted after the education intervention and the results were statistically examined. Results: Pretests revealed that only 52% primary school teachers had sufficient knowledge and positive attitudetowards various aspects of paediatric dentistry. After the education intervention, post tests revealed75.5% primary school teacher’s good knowledge and positive attitude towards various aspects ofpaediatric dentistry which was appreciated. It was found statistically significance after post interventionwith p<0.05. Conclusion: The study observes that the there is a notable innocence and knowledge gapconcerning the knowledge about oral health and various aspects of paediatric dentistry that a primaryschool teacher holds and this has accentuated more the requirement of education intervention amongprimary school teachers to bring out better oral health status in children.