Objective:To identify the patient safety culture in pediatric emergencies from the perspective of the nursing team. Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional survey research study with a sample composed of 75 professionals of the nursing team. Data was collected between September and November 2014 in three Pediatric Emergency units by applying the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument. Data were submitted to descriptive analysis. Results: Strong areas for patient safety were not found, with areas identified having potential being: Expectations and actions from supervisors/management to promote patient safety and teamwork. Areas identified as critical were: Non-punitive response to error and support from hospital management for patient safety. The study found a gap between the safety culture and pediatric emergencies, but it found possibilities of transformation that will contribute to the safety of pediatric patients. Conclusion: Nursing professionals need to become protagonists in the process of replacing the current paradigm for a culture focused on safety. The replication of this study in other institutions is suggested in order to improve the current health care scenario.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the assessment of the patient safety culture according to the function and length of experience of the nursing and medical teams at Neonatal Intensive Care Units. METHOD: quantitative survey undertaken at four Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Florianópolis, Brazil. The sample totaled 141 subjects. The data were collected between February and April 2013 through the application of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. For analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient were used. Approval for the research project was obtained from the Ethics Committee, CAAE: 05274612.7.0000.0121. RESULTS: differences in the number of positive answers to the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, the safety grade and the number of reported events were found according to the professional characteristics. A significant association was found between a shorter Length of work at the hospital and Length of work at the unit and a larger number of positive answers; longer length of experience in the profession represented higher grades and less reported events. The physicians and nursing technicians assessed the patient safety culture more positively. Cronbach's alpha demonstrated the reliability of the instrument. CONCLUSION: the differences found reveal a possible relation between the assessment of the safety culture and the subjects' professional characteristics at the Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

Resultados: Demostraron las siguientes categorías: percepción y estrategias para la seguridad del paciente; factores de riesgo que interfieren en la seguridad del paciente; retos en la comunicación de error es relacionados con el cuidado en salud. Conclusión: La seguridad del paciente según la percepción del profesional refleja la importancia de un cuidado seguro y la identificación de los factores de riesgo en las condiciones de trabajo, lo que predispone a errores. Existía la necesidad de comunicación de situaciones de riesgo, el desarrollo de una cultura de seguridad, así como la capacitación sobre la seguridad del paciente. Palabras clave: Seguridad del paciente. Unidades de cuidado intensivo.

Introduction The aim of this study is to describe the disease burden and costs of herpes zoster (HZ) in the general adult Japanese population or patients with immunocompromised (IC) conditions or chronic disorders. Methods A retrospective cohort study of individuals aged 18–74 years was conducted using January 2005 to December 2014 records from the Japan Medical Data Center claims database. Twenty-eight IC conditions and chronic disorders were defined by diagnosis codes and/or procedures/treatments. HZ and its related complications were identified. Incidence rates (IR), frequency of HZ-related complications, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and direct medical costs were estimated. HRU and costs were estimated on a subcohort of HZ cases occurring April 2012–January 2014. Results The overall IR of HZ in the total cohort of 2,778,476 adults was 4.92/1000 person-years (PY) [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.86–4.98] and increased with age. The IR in the IC cohort (51,818 subjects) was 8.87/1000 PY (95% CI: 8.29–9.48), ranging from 5.55/1000 PY (95% CI: 4.26–7.09) in psoriasis to 151.68/1000 PY (95% CI: 111.45–201.71) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients; most IRs were in the range 6–10/1000 PY. The IRs in individuals with chronic disorders were also relatively high, in the range 5.40–12.90/1000 PY. The frequency of postherpetic neuralgia was 4.01% (95% CI: 3.72–4.33) in the total cohort and 11.73% (95% CI: 9.01–14.93) in the IC cohort. The mean [standard deviation (SD)] number of outpatient visits was 3.4 (4.9) and 5.0 (5.7), respectively, and the proportion of HZ patients hospitalized was 2.20% and 6.70%, respectively. The mean (SD) direct medical cost per HZ episode was ¥34,664 (¥54,433) and ¥55,201 (¥92,642) in the total and IC cohort, respectively. Conclusions The elevated burden of HZ in Japanese individuals harboring IC conditions and chronic disorders documented in our study underlines the need for prevention of HZ in people with these conditions. Funding GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13555-018-0268-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.