The relevance of the study of speech etiquette is stipulated by the increasing interest of linguists to the problem of the relationship between language and culture, the peculiarity of speech behavior, and the national-cultural specifics of speech communication. The object of the research is the formulas of speech etiquette of the Russian and Bashkir. The scientific novelty of the work is to identify the national-cultural specifics of the communicative behavior of the Russian and Kazakh communities by describing the etiquette features of the communication of these peoples. Also, the theoretical significance of the study consists in understanding the problems of speech communication belonging to different cultures and speaking different languages. The practical importance of the work lies in the possibility of using the results of the research in the practice of teaching the Russian language and the Kazakh language to develop students' communicative, speech, and sociocultural competence.
The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that the verb is a part of speech that expresses the grammatical meaning of an action, so there is a sign of a dynamic flow in time. The verb is the only part of speech that has analytical forms. The specificity of a verb is a dependent grammatical meaning that binds verbs concerning an action. They do not contain the semantics of the restriction in the action that they denote, their boundary can be considered as defined from the outside, but not as a result of the verb semantics. The purpose is to consider and compare the system of grammatical categories of the verb in Kazakh, Russian, and English. The following methods were used: linguistic, comparative, and structural. The basic unit of grammar is the grammatical category. It combines grammatical forms with a single grammatical meaning. Whole, homogeneous, and opposite grammatical forms of a particular language are called a paradigm. When analysing categories, it is especially important to consider the unity of semantic and formal plans: if there is no plan, then this phenomenon cannot be classified. Grammatical categories of each language can be a kind of questionnaire for describing objects and situations in that language.
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