A survey is given of recent developments in emulsion polymerization regarding improved auxiliary materials, e.g. vinyl tensides and surface active initiators. Results of the emulsion polymerization of styrene are presented with 3‐(alkyloxycarbonyl‐acryloyloxy)propanesulfonates (2) as polymerizable emulsifiers and with surface active azo initiators. The results show, that the content of water soluble surface active compounds in the latexes can be reduced. Investigations of the molecular weight of the polymers show the great importance of the initiator‐emulsifier system. Azo initiators leading to higher molecular weights than persulfate. Under the same conditions the highest molecular weights were obtained with a surface active azo initiator.
The binding of the cationic surfactant dodecylpyridinum chloride (DoPyCl) to different preformed anionic charged polyelectrolyte complexes consisting of cationic copolymers with varying charge density and poly-(acrylic acid, sodium salt) (PAA) has been investigated by using a potentiometric technique based on a surfactant ion solid-state electrode. The solid membrane used in the electrode consists of poly(vinyl chloride) plasticized by bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Binding isotherms are analyzed in terms of the nearest neighbor interaction model by Zimm and Bragg and for systems of reduced polyanion availability of the Scatchard plot, which indicates cooperative interactions at very low surfactant concentrations (∼0.01 mM). The binding constants decrease by decreasing the charge density of the cationic copolymer used. For selected systems the titration data have been complemented with static light scattering measurements.
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