Macrocyclic triamine
disulfonamides can be synthesized by double
Tsuji–Trost N-allylation reaction of open-chain
disulfonamides with 2-alkylidene-1,3-propanediyl bis(carbonates).
The previously used Atkins–Richman macrocyclization method
generally gives lower yields and requires more tedious purification
of the product. Solvent, palladium source, ligand, and concentration
have all been varied to optimize the yields of two key 12-membered
ring bioactive compounds, CADA and VGD020. The new approach tolerates
a wide range of functional groups and gives highest yields for symmetrical
compounds in which the acidities of the two sulfonamide groups are
matched, although the yields of unsymmetrical compounds are still
generally good. The method has also been extended to the synthesis
of 11-membered rings, pyridine-fused macrocycles, and products bearing
an ester or aryl substituent on the exocyclic double bond.
Garugapinnata Roxb. (Burseraceae) is a medium-sized tree widely available all over the tropical regions of Asia. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Oken. (Crassulaceae) is an indigenous and exotic plant grown in tropical regions. Both plants have been used for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, wound healing, antidiabetic activities, etc. This investigation was designed to explore the result shown by methanolic extract of Garuga pinnata bark and Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves, on cognitive power and retention of the memory in experimental mice along with quantification of phenolic compounds and DPPH radicals neutralizing capacity. The memory-enhancing activity was determined by the elevated plus-maze method in Scopolamine-induced amnesic mice, using Piracetam as allopathic and Shankhpushpi as ayurvedic standard drugs. Two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) of both extracts were administered to mice up to 8 consecutive days; transfer latency of individual group was recorded after 45 minutes and memory of the experienced things was examined after 1 day. DPPH assay method and the Folin–Ciocalteu method were employed to determine antioxidant potency and total phenol amount, respectively. 400 mg/kg of the methanolic B. pinnatum bark extract significantly improved memory and learning of mice with transfer latency (TL) of 32.75 s, which is comparable to that of standard Piracetam (21.78 s) and Shankhpushpi (27.83 s). Greater phenolic content was quantified in B. pinnatum bark extract (156.80 ± 0.33 µg GAE/mg dry extract) as well as the antioxidant potency (69.77% of free radical inhibition at the 100 µg/mL concentration). Our study proclaimed the scientific evidence for the memory-boosting effect of both plants.
Evans syndrome and tuberculosis could be predisposing factors for one another, or there may be a common pathophysiological denominator for the co‐occurrence. Further research is needed for a better understanding of pathophysiology and treatment.
Management of chylothorax after repair of late presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia is debatable. Conservative management in the form of close monitoring of chylous output with nutritional support appears convincing to surgery.
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