Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the causes of failure of dacryocystorhinostomy by computed dacryocystography (CT-DCG).Methods: CT-DCG was done in 38 patients of failed DCR of either sex in the age group of 16-60 years, the radiologist blinded to the clinical status of the patient evaluated position and size of bony ostium, soft tissue scarring, bony regrowth, secondary stenosis of canaliculi, synechiae between the ostium and nasal septum and anatomic variations in nasal cavity, turbinates or nasal septum.Results: The most common causes of failure in our study were inappropriate size of osteotomy window in 34 patients (84.47%), inappropriate location of osteotomy window in 31 patients (81.57%), fibrous tissue scarring at osteotomy window in 22 patients (57.89%), the other causes were bilateral concha bullosa in 2 patients, ethmoidal sinusitis in 2 patients, common canalicular block in 1 patient, faulty passage into ethmoidal sinus in 1 patient and no osteotomy window seen in patient.Conclusions: CT-DCG is a valuable imaging tool to evaluate DCR failure before re-operation. In our study CT-DCG showed that small size of osteotomy window, inappropriate position of osteotomy window and fibrous tissue scarring at osteotomy window were frequently seen causative factors of DCR failure.
Background: Measurements of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in intracranial pathologies correlate well with raised ICP. Only recently the usefulness of ocular ultrasonography in preeclampsia has been sought. Objective of current study was the measurement of ONSD in preeclampsia and compare it to healthy pregnant females.Methods: A total of 90 subjects were included and divided into Group I- normal pregnancy (N=30), Group II - mild preeclampsia (N=30), Group III- severe preeclampsia group (N=30) and hemodynamic parameters. Optic nerve sheath diameter measurement is performed with a linear ultrasound probe placed over the eyelid with optic nerve sheath diameter measured 3 mm behind the globe. Patients with preeclampsia were compared to normal pregnant females as controls.Results: Optic nerve sheath diameter was significantly higher in patients with preeclampsia compared to controls (p<0.001). The mean of ONSD in group I was 4.5±0.2 mm, versus 5.7±0.2 mm in group II, versus, 5.9±0.3 mm in group III.Conclusions: Preeclampsia is associated with a significantly higher ONSD compared to normal pregnant females and can be used as a marker of increased ICP in preeclampsia.
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