Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent from the oxazaphosphorine group. It is used as an anticancer, anti-neoplastic agents and immunosuppressive agent widely used in chemotherapy. Fennel oil is traditionally used as a treatment for different diseases. The present work studied the effect of Fennel oil on CPAinduced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. Male albino rats were divided into 4 groups; gp1; control, gp2: Each rat was orally given Fennel oil (1 ml/kg body weight once a week for six weeks), gp3: animals were each orally treated with CPA at a dose of 15mg/kg body weight once a week for six weeks, gp4: CPA plus Fennel oil treated group. The obtained results showed that CPA induced histopathological alterations in the kidney including intertubular leucocytic infiltrations,congestion of blood vessels, degeneration of renal tubules and atrophy of glomeruli. Immunohistochemical observations revealed increase in expression of PCNA, caspase-3 and α -SMA. In addition, creatinine and urea levels increased in sera of treated rats. Treating rats with CPA and fennel oil caused an improvement in the histological structure of the kidney and decreased PCNA, caspase-3 and α-SMA. Moreover, creatinine and urea values were decreased. In conclusion, fennel oil showed ameliorative effect against nephrotoxicity of CPA due to its antioxidant activity.

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The objective of the present work was to investigate the ameliorative effect of curcumin (Cur) against tamoxifen (TAM), a nonsteriodal antiestrogenic drug, induced hepatotoxicity in adult female albino rats. Forty eight female albino rats were divided into four groups of equal size. groups: group (I) animals of this group were served as control, group (II) rats were orally given Cur at a dose level of 150 mg/kg body weight daily for nine weeks, group (III) rats were orally given TAM at a dose level of 20 mg/kg body weight daily for nine weeks and group (IV) rats were given TAM followed by Cur at the same previous doses daily for nine weeks. For histological and immunohistochemical studies, livers were immediately removed after sacrification and sera were collected to detect the biochemical markers. Liver sections of rats treated with TAM showed loss of the normal architecture, cytoplasmic vacuolation, leukocytic infiltration and bile duct proliferation as well as increase in the expression of both alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Ki-67. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated, while the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of glutathione (GSH) were decreased in sera of rats of TAM group. On the other hand, liver sections of rats treated with TAM followed by Cur showed improvement in the histological, immunohistochemical and the biochemical markers. In conclusion, Cur revealed ameliorative effect against TAM toxicity in rat liver due to its antioxidant activities.

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