Problem statement:The objective of this experiment was to manufacture an Iranianlow fat probiotic cheese. Approach: Iranian white brine cheeses (4 trials) were made by varyingprocesses, i.e., lowering the fat content and use of probiotic adjunct culture on separate days. All types of cheeses were ripened at 13°C for 2 weeks and at 6°C to the end of ripering period. Cheeses were analyzed for the compositional, microbiological, color and sensory characteristics and also lipolysis and organic acid profile. The Cheese of each trial was sampled at 1, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days during ripening. Results: Decreasing the fat level resulted in significant increases (p<0.05) in the level of moisture, protein and pH of whey. The results show that probiotic cheeses had higher moisture and pH than cheeses with bacteria (p<0.05). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the concentration of L. acidophilus of cheese groups when the fat content of samples was reduced. The rate and extent of lipolysis in the full-fat cheese was higher than in the low-fat control cheese (p<0.05). Results also showed decreasing fat content and addition of adjunct culture to the cheese treatments decreased the acetic and lactic acid contents (p<0.05). Decreasing the fat content of cheese samples and use of both factor in the treatments increased the a* value in the samples. Low fat cheeses received higher flavor and odor scores than full fat cheeses. Also addition of adjunct culture significantly (p<0.05) decrease the texture score of manufactured cheeses. Conclusion: Therefore the results of this study showed that the Iranian probotic low fat cheese is a functional food. It has better flavor and odor than normal cheese and can be used in many cases like as heart disease and obesity.

Objective To investigate the deposition of urinary crys-Results No crystals were evident on any of the collagen sponges. Calcium deposition was negligible at pH 5.3. tals and the growth characteristics of urothelial cells on a collagen sponge, as a preliminary step in enginAlthough calcium levels were measurable at pH 6.3, the levels were very low. Both cell lines attached and eering urothelial autologous grafts. Materials and methods Collagen sponges were exposed grew in a stratified manner on the collagen sponge, RT112 forming a layer 6-8 cells thick, and UROtsa a to a continuous flow of urine at pH 5.3 and 6.3 for 1 week. The sponges were examined microscopically for layer 4-6 cells thick; cell proliferation was maximal at 5-10 days. The sponge remained easy to handle crystal deposition and analysed for their calcium content. Two cell lines, RT112, derived from a wellafter 3 weeks in culture. Conclusion These findings show that collagen sponges diCerentiated transitional cell carcinoma, and UROtsa, an immortalized urothelial cell line, were seeded on support the growth and stratification of urothelial cells, and indicate that the collagen sponge is a suitable the collagen sponges. Cells were cultured for 6, 12 and 21 days. The pattern of growth was analysed by substrate for developing urothelial autologous grafts. Keywords Urothelial cells, collagen sponge, crystal histology and immunostaining with a pan-cytokeratin antibody. Growth was assayed to quantify cell proliferdeposition, tissue engineering ation on the sponges.Collagen is an attractive biological substance for engin-

Sporisorium reilianum f.sp zeae, a basidiomycetous fungus belonging to Ustilaginaceae, is the causal agent of maize head smut. Its pathogenicity is initiated by fusion of two compatible sporidia which give rise to the formation of a dikaryotic pathogenic hyphe. In addition, pathogenic dimorphic diploid strains called solopathogens can be formed where no mating occurs. Strigolactones are the trace molecules in plant root exudates perceived by some fungi at subnanomolar concentrations that have been implicated in inducing spore germination in fungi. Cell respiration in fungal cells was measured through polarography and fluorescence assay. GR24, a synthetic analogue of strigolactones, induced a burst of cell respiration 1 h after adding GR24 (10-7 M) that gradually decreased at 5 and 8 h after addition of GR24. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed that transcription levels of genes involved in cell respiration and a 12 kDa heat shock protein were up-regulated 1 h after the addition of GR24 to a culture of the solopathogenic strain but no influence was observed on the other pathogenicity genes and on the culture morphology. These results suggest that strigolactones influence the rhizosphere and play a role in plant-microbe interactions

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