3D bioprinting is a rapidly evolving industry that has been utilized for a variety of biomedical applications. It differs from traditional 3D printing in that it utilizes bioinks comprised of cells and other biomaterials to allow for the generation of complex functional tissues. Bioprinting involves computational modeling, bioink preparation, bioink deposition, and subsequent maturation of printed products; it is an intricate process where bioink composition, bioprinting approach, and bioprinter type must be considered during construct development. This technology has already found success in human studies, where a variety of functional tissues have been generated for both in vitro and in vivo applications. Although the main driving force behind innovation in 3D bioprinting has been utility in human medicine, recent efforts investigating its veterinary application have begun to emerge. To date, 3D bioprinting has been utilized to create bone, cardiovascular, cartilage, corneal and neural constructs in animal species. Furthermore, the use of animal-derived cells and various animal models in human research have provided additional information regarding its capacity for veterinary translation. While these studies have produced some promising results, technological limitations as well as ethical and regulatory challenges have impeded clinical acceptance. This article reviews the current understanding of 3D bioprinting technology and its recent advancements with a focus on recent successes and future translation in veterinary medicine.

The field of Computer Supported Cooperative Work has constantly evolved to meet the changing needs of individuals at home, at work, and online. To understand how these changes impacted CSCW research, we systematically reviewed 1209 papers and notes published at the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work between 1990 and 2015. When considered with results from two previous literature reviews, covering 1990 - 1998 and 1998 - 2004 respectively, our analysis provides perspective on 25 years of groupware research. We show that the field has responded to, not anticipated, changes in the computing landscape, long-term trends away from 'systems' and explanatory research, and a lack of bibliographic research that synthesizes findings. Finally, we discuss implications of these trends for CSCW research: how results are synthesized across the field, what kinds of research we value, and how multi-device ecologies are studied.

Introduction: Equine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) hold great potential as a future form of cellular therapy. Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is used as a supplement MSC culture, but challenges with its use have initiated a desire to create a defined media to expand these cells. MSCs have shown great variability in species, tissue source and passage number. Due to this, to effectively create a replacement for FBS we must better understand how it meets the metabolic needs for each type of MSC. Objectives: The goal of this study is to determine key pathways and differences in pathways between the early and late passages of equine cord blood MSCs. Methods: This study utilized metabolomics to give a snapshot of the metabolism in the long-term culture of equine cord blood MSCs (eCB-MSC) by comparing the profile of plain culture media to spend media. Results: We found two significantly different metabolites between the early and late passage of eCB-MSC, alpha-ketoglutaric acid (p = 0.019) and creatine (p = 0.012). As well, the metabolic results allowed us to perform an enrichment analysis to assess which pathway(s) were most relevant. Conclusion: The two metabolites suggest a difference in metabolism between the early and late passage reflecting different cellular priorities. Insights into the unique metabolism of these cells and how the requirement of the cell differs between the early and late passage may allow the formulation a serum free media tailored to the metabolic needs of eCB-MSC.