Background: Tretinoin or all-trans retinoic acid is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris and photo-aging. This work aims to develop tretinoin-loaded nanofibers as a potential anti-acne patch and to investigate its physicochemical characteristics. Method: Nanofibers were produced via electrospinning method and surface topography was evaluated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The functional groups of polymer and the drug molecule and the possible interactions were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Drug release studies were carried out by total immersion method at 25°C and 32°C. Tretinoin stability was evaluated at room temperature and fridge for 45 days. The possibility of synergistic antibacterial activity of tretinoin and erythromycin combination was investigated on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 25923™) and (ATCC® 29213™) by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Uniform fibers without drug crystals were fabricated via electrospinning. Drug-loaded nanofibers show inherent stability under various storage conditions. Electrospun nanofibers showed a prolonged release of tretinoin. The stability of formulations in FT was higher than RT. Disc diffusion tests did not show any synergism in the antibacterial activity of erythromycin when used in combination with tretinoin. Conclusion: It can be anticipated that the easy fabrication, low costs and dosing frequency of the construct reported here provide a platform that can be adapted for on-demand delivery of tretinoin.
The
molecular structure of deferasirox (DFX) was fully optimized
using a hybrid functional B3LYP and 6-311++G** basis set algorithm
in Gaussian 09 software. A polarizable continuum model (PCM) was employed
as a density functional theory (DFT) method to investigate the solvent
effect on DFX solubility in seven different binary solvent mixtures.
The polarizable continuum model (PCM) and United Atom for Hartee–Fock
(UAHF) radii were used to investigate drug solubility in various mass
fractions of binary solvent mixtures. The free energies of solvation
(ΔG
sol) in kJ/mol, total electrostatic
energy (kJ/mol), dipole moment (μ) in Debye, total Gibbs free
energy of solvation (kJ/mol), and dielectric constant (ε) of
DFX in binary solvent mixtures were computed. The results were used
to explain the experimental drug solubility behavior in the studied
systems at 298.2 K. It was noted that the DFT/PCM provides good approximation
for solubility in pure solvents; however, due to solvent–solvent
interaction, it might be more complex to predict drug solubility as
a function of solvent ratios in binary systems. Yet, the experimental
solubility data were in great agreement with the solubility values
predicted using the Jouyban–Acree model. The mean relative
deviation (MRD) of the calculated data and experimental data were
compared.
In this study, boric acid (BA) is employed as a crosslinking agent to improve the characteristics of two commonly used polymeric films, ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), for topical drug delivery applications. The developed films are characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM analysis. The results show that the surfaces of the prepared films are even and transparent, except for the BA-modified EC sample. The initial cumulative release for erythromycin (EM) is found to be 0.30 and 0.36 mg/mL for EC and PVA films, which drops to 0.25 and 0.20 mg/mL after BA crosslinking, respectively, after 1 h at 25 °C. Further, the developed formulations are stable for 75 days. Also, the antibacterial activity of the developed formulations is investigated against
S. aureus
(ATCC® 25923™ and ATCC® 29213™). The obtained data confirm that the application of BA as the crosslinking agent extends the release of EM from EC and PVA polymeric films. The findings of this study suggest that BA-crosslinked EC and PVA films are promising carriers for controlled topical drug delivery applications.
Paraneoplastic erythroderma (PE) is a rare and potentially life-threatening inflammatory condition associated with malignancy. PE may potentially develop due to antibodies produced against tumoral antigens that cross-react with epidermal structures. We report a patient with paraneoplastic eosinophilic erythroderma associated with lung adenocarcinoma. Erythroderma and eosinophilia subsided after wedge-resection of the tumour. To tackle the pathogenesis of PE in this patient, we performed western blot analysis (WB) using healthy human skin tissue lysate and the patient's serum. Samples were analysed first by immunoprecipitation of autoantibody-target protein complexes and mass spectrometry to reveal the corresponding protein. After incubating patient serum with skin proteins, in WB, we could observe a distinct band around 60 kD. Later, immunoprecipitation for mass spectrometry showed a bar in the same area which was not present in healthy controls. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that KRT6B might be the potential target protein. In this patient with PE, which resolved after surgical removal of lung adenocarcinoma, the antibody production to tumoral antigens cross-reacting with keratins in skin may have initiated the dermatitis.
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