Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoporotic fracture are major public health issues for society; the burden for the affected individual is also high. Previous studies have shown that pulsed wave low-level laser therapy (PW LLLT) has osteogenic effects. This study intended to evaluate the impacts of PW LLLT on the cortical bone of osteoporotic rats' tibias in two experimental models, ovariectomized and dexamethasone-treated. We divided the rats into four ovariectomized induced OP (OVX-d) and four dexamethasone-treated (glucocorticoid-induced OP, GIOP) groups. A healthy (H) group of rats was considered for baseline evaluations. At 14 weeks following ovariectomy, we subdivided the OVX-d rats into the following groups: (i) control which had OP, (ii) OVX-d rats treated with alendronate (1 mg/kg), (iii) OVX-d rats treated with LLLT, and (iv) OVX-d rats treated with alendronate and PW LLLT. The remaining rats received dexamethasone over a 5-week period and were also subdivided into four groups: (i) control rats treated with intramuscular (i.m.) injections of distilled water (vehicle), (ii) rats treated with subcutaneous alendronate injections (1 mg/kg), (iii) laser-treated rats, and (iv) rats simultaneously treated with laser and alendronate. The rats received alendronate for 30 days and underwent PW LLLT (890 nm, 80 Hz, 0.972 J/cm(2)) three times per week during 8 weeks. Then, the right tibias were extracted and underwent a stereological analysis of histological parameters and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A significant increase in cortical bone volume (mm(3)) existed in all study groups compared to the healthy rats. There were significant decreases in trabecular bone volume (mm(3)) in all study groups compared to the group of healthy rats. The control rats with OP and rats from the vehicle group showed significantly increased osteoclast numbers compared to most other groups. Alendronate significantly decreased osteoclast numbers in osteoporotic rats. Concurrent treatments (compounded by PW LLLT and alendronate) produce the same effect on osteoporotic bone.
Osteoporosis (OP) is a disease which causes bone loss and fractures, leading to severe pain and deformity. This study has aimed to assess the effects of pulsed wave low-level laser therapy (PW LLLT) on cortical bone in two experimental models of OP in rats. There were four ovariectomized (OVX-d) groups and four dexamethasone-treated groups. The healthy group were considered for baseline evaluations. At 14 weeks following ovariectomy, the OVX-d rats were further subdivided into the following: control rats with OP, OVX-d rats that received alendronate (1 mg/kg), OVX-d rats treated with LLLT, and OVX-d rats treated with alendronate and LLLT. The remaining rats received dexamethasone for 5 weeks and were divided into four groups: control, alendronate-treated rats (1 mg/kg), laser-treated rats, and laser-treated rats with concomitant administration of alendronate. The rats received alendronate for 30 days. LLLT (890 nm, 80 Hz, 0.972 J/cm(2)) was performed on the tibias three times per week for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, tibias were extracted and submitted to a three-point bending test. PW LLLT did not increase the biomechanical parameters of osteoporotic bones compared to controls and healthy rats. PW LLLT associated with alendronate treatment significantly increased stress high load in OVX-d rats compared to the healthy group. PW LLLT at the current study parameters failed to cause beneficial biomechanical effects in the examined osteoporotic cortical bones. PW LLLT associated with alendronate treatment produced a more remarkable effect on bone strength in the ovariectomized induced OP rat model.
Background: Enuresis has been defined as bed voiding at least twice a week for more than 3 consecutive months in individuals older than 5 years of age. Increased nocturnal enuresis could be possibly associated with dysfunction of autonomic nervous system. To observe autonomic nervous system function in enuretic children, the current study performed management of blood pressure. Methods: In this study, primary non-monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and healthy children were enrolled and blood pressure was measured twice, in the morning and afternoon. Urinalysis, urine culture, and urinary system ultrasound were carried out for the patients. A diary on the daily fluid intake and volume of daily urine was required. Results: The researchers observed that there was a significant difference between age variation (P value = 0.001) gender variation (P value = 0.030), educational level of patients' mothers and fathers (P value = 0.001) and record of hypertension in the family (P value = 0.001) between case and control groups. Conclusions: In children affected by primary non-monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis, nighttime Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) were significantly higher, than healthy children. These circadian blood pressure provisions may reflect pathogenesis of primary non-monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
Osteoporosis (OP) increases vertebral fragility as a result of the biomechanical effects of diminished bone structure and composition. This study has aimed to assess the effects of pulsed wave low-level laser therapy (PW LLLT) on cancellous bone strength of an ovariectomized (OVX-d) experimental rat model and a glucocorticoid-induced OP (GIOP) experimental rat model. There were four OVX-d groups and four dexamethasone-treated groups. A group of healthy rats was used for baseline evaluations. The OVX-d rats were further subdivided into the following groups: control rats with OP, OVX-d rats that received alendronate, OVX-d rats treated with PW LLLT, and OVX-d rats treated with alendronate and PW LLLT. The remaining rats received dexamethasone and were divided into four groups: control, alendronate-treated rats, laser-treated rats, and laser-treated rats with concomitant administration of alendronate. PW LLLT (890 nm, 80 Hz, 0.972 J/cm(2)) was performed on the spinal processes of the T12, L1, L2, and L3 vertebras. We extracted the L1 vertebrae and submitted them to a mechanical compression test. Biomechanical test findings showed positive effects of the PW LLLT and alendronate administration on increasing bending stiffness and maximum force of the osteoporotic bones compared to the healthy group. However, laser treatment of OVA-d rats significantly increased stress high load compared to OVA-d control rats. PW LLLT preserved the cancellous (trabecular) bone of vertebra against the detrimental effects of OV-induced OP on bone strength in rats compared to control OV rats.
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