Although social presence plays an essential role under general conditions, its role becomes significant for societal protection during the quarantine period in epidemic outbreak. In this study, we attempted to identify the role of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth in terms of their direct impact on online social presence during the outbreak as well as their impacts mediated by epidemic protection and attitudes toward epidemic outbreaks. For this purpose, a unique multi-mediation model is proposed to provide a new direction for research in the field of epidemic outbreaks and their control. Through random sampling, an online survey was conducted and data from 683participants were analyzed. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between the variables of interest. The study results revealed that the roles of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth are positively related to online social presence during the outbreak. Epidemic protection and attitude toward epidemic outbreak were found to positively moderate the impact of the role of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth on online social presence during the outbreak. The key findings of this study have both practical and academic implications. health protection. This phenomenon encouraged us to formulate a theoretical model based on social presence theory and the role of social media to help examine safety and participation in quarantine. The conceptual model is presented in Figure 1.Word of mouth can be defined as "the intention to share a certain story using one's own social media account" [2]. Many researchers proved that communication has more of an impact through social media with regards to different health issues, and message sharing was found to be the best predictor of emotive and passionate response [3]. Online health information is regularly updated [4]. Nowadays, universal and worldwide flow cannot be ignored [5] and search engines are the most effective method to find information [6]. The Internet is also a useful source for people in the medical field for discussions and interactions about medical issues [7]. A nine-year big data study showed that the use of computers projected emotive improvement [8]. From the health protection point of view, many factors were found to affect the dispersal of cancer information, including anxiety, courage, anticipation, and sharing of experience [9].A study proved that the gestation time of infection (corona virus) was assessed at about 2-14 days [7]. So, a research question was raised about protection during an epidemic outbreak. Social media campaigns with complete research frameworks with theoretical and statistical support for these time periods are essentially to protect society during emergencies. To address this need, our research model includes the factors that trigger safety campaigns and the main effects (direct) of direct relations and the association of mediators on online social presence.The literature shows that for different disease management programm...
PurposeDeveloped countries control pandemics using smart decisions and processes based on medical standards and modern technologies. Studies on risk-reduction and humantechnology interaction are scarce. This study developed a model to examine the relationship between citizens, pandemic-related technology and official safety practices.Design/methodology/approachThis study investigated the mediating role of new health regulations and moderating role of safety incentives due to COVID-19 case reduction in pandemic severity control. This study included 407 operations managers, nursing staff conducting pandemic testing and reporting, doctors and security personnel in China. An artificial neural network (ANN) was used to check nonlinear regressions and model predictability.FindingsThe results demonstrated the impact of the introduction of new technology protocols on the implementation of new health regulations and aided pandemic severity control. The safety incentive of case reductions moderated the relationship between new health regulations and pandemic severity control. New health regulations mediated the relationship between the introduction of new technology protocols and pandemic severity control.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research should be conducted on pandemic severity in diversely populated cities, particularly those that require safety measures and controls. Future studies should focus on cloud computing for nurses, busy campuses and communal living spaces.Social implicationsAuthorities should involve citizens in pandemic-related technical advances to reduce local viral transmission and infection. New health regulations improved people's interactions with new technological protocols and understanding of pandemic severity. Pandemic management authorities should work with medical and security employees.Originality/valueThis study is the first to demonstrate that a safety framework with technology-oriented techniques could reduce future pandemics using managerial initiatives.
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