No abstract

In order to assess the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1 .9%), and B/F viral recombinant forms (3.3%). The subtype C was identified in two patients (0.4%) and the recombinant CRF_02/AG virus was found infecting one patient (0.2%). The HIV-1 genotyping profile associated to the reverse transcriptase inhibitors has shown a high frequency of the M184V mutation followed by the timidine-associated mutations. The K103N mutation was the most prevalent to the nonnucleoside RT inhibitor and the resistance associated to protease inhibitor showed the minor mutations L63P, L10F/R, and A71V as the more prevalent.A

The availability of characterized plasma samples and HIV isolates will allow the development of biologic reagents necessary to implement quality control programs and to develop, validate, and evaluate the performance of diagnostic kits, considering all HIV-1-circulating variants in the country.

HIV-1 Subtype D occurs mainly in East and Central African countries, especially Uganda, where the prevalence of HIV-1 infection is among the highest in the world. We present the phylogenetic analysis of one nonautochthonous and four autochthonous (including a near full-length genome) Brazilian HIV-1 subtype D strains identified in Rio de Janeiro State, where subtypes B, F1, and BF1 recombinants predominate. Phylogenetic inferences using maximum likelihood were applied on a near-full length genome and on concatenated gag, protease, reverse transcriptase, integrase, C2V3/env, gp41, and nef segments. Sequences from an Angolan immigrant showed close genetic similarity with a strain described in Finland, from an HIV patient of African origin, whereas all four autochthonous Brazilian sequences clustered with South African strains, where subtype D occurs only in isolated cases. Our results suggest the successful introduction and circulation in Brazil of closely related HIV-1 subtype D strains, possibly of South African origin.