Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotyping in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: assessing subtype and drug-resistance associated mutations in HIV-1 infected individuals failing highly active antiretroviral therapy

Abstract

In order to assess the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1 .9%), and B/F viral recombinant forms (3.3%). The subtype C was identified in two patients (0.4%) and the recombinant CRF_02/AG virus was found infecting one patient (0.2%). The HIV-1 genotyping profile associated to the reverse transcriptase inhibitors has shown a high frequency of the M184V mutation followed by the timidine-associated mutations. The K103N mutation was the most prevalent to the nonnucleoside RT inhibitor and the resistance associated to protease inhibitor showed the minor mutations L63P, L10F/R, and A71V as the more prevalent.A

HIV-1 genotypic resistance profile of patients failing antiretroviral therapy in Paraná, Brazil

“…At Brazilian Northeast region this mutation was seen in 3.4% of patients and, specifi cally in the state of Ceará, in 5.9% of cases. 23,26 The overall prevalence of NNRTI mutations (67.7%) was higher than in other Brazilian series, probably because recently described NNRTI mutations (codons 101, 106, 179) were included in the analysis. Most of other Brazilian studies reported NNRTI prevalence of mutations of 30 to 55.4%.…”

“…21,23,25,26 Only one national study showed even higher prevalence of wildtype virus (15.3%). 20 The most prevalent mutation occurred at codon 184 (68.31%), as reported in São Paulo (64%), 24 Rio de Janeiro (67%), 23 and Northeast Brazil (66%). 25 In Santos, from 2006, this mutation was even more prevalent (88%).…”

“…20 From 2004 to 2007, many other authors showed data from the prevalence of antiretroviral resistance in adults from Bahia, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Federal District and North Eastern states. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The aim of this study is to analyze the genotypic profile of patients tested for resistance in the Brazilian state of Paraná, in order to determine the frequency of RT and PR mutations among patients failing ART.…”

Re-mapping the molecular features of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Brazilian sequences using a bioinformatics unit established in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, to give support to the viral epidemiology studies

“…A more recent heterosexual epidemic, characterized by the presence of subtype C viruses, was identified in South Brazil , Soares et al 2003. Other reports have also demonstrated that distinct HIV-1 subtypes (A, B, C, D, F1) and recombinant forms (B/C, B/ F1) are actively participating in the Brazilian Aids epidemic (Morgado et al 1998, Caride et al 2001, Soares et al 2005, Couto-Fernandez et al 2005, Barreto et al 2006, De Sa Filho et al 2006).Financial support: Fapesp, PN-DST/AIDS +Corresponding author: lalcan@cpqgm.fiocruz.br ATLQ and ACAM-M contribute equally to this paper. …”

HIV genotyping among female sex workers in the State of Santa Catarina

“…A study conducted among 10� patients who underwent HIV genotyping tests in Porto Alegre (State of Rio Grande do Sul), from 1��4 through 1���, found prevalences of ��% for subtype � and 22% for subtype C � . A study performed in Rio de �aneiro from 2002 to 2003, among �4� HIV�infected patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment, found subtype C in only 0.4% of the sample 4 . Knowledge of the distribution of these HIV genotypes is essential for better understanding of HIV epidemiology, pathogenesis and response to antiviral treatments, and with regard to the appearance of resistance to medications, development of vaccines, and updating of diagnostic methods.…”