In this systematic review, we anticipated in summarizing clinical features, histopathological hallmarks, and possible pathology behind the maculopapular skin eruptions occurring in Covid-19 patients. A literature search was executed using MEDLINE/ PubMed and Embase databases for articles published till 20 November 2020. All eligible articles including observational studies, case reports, and case series reporting the maculopapular skin lesion in Covid-19 patients were included. Data were obtained for 354 Covid-19 patients presenting with maculopapular lesions from 40 studies. The mean age of these patients was 53 years, and with 42% of them being male. These maculopapular lesions differed considerably in terms of distribution and appearance, ranging from diffuse erythematous maculopapular lesions to scattered erythematous macules coalescing into papules to maculopapular lesions in plaques. The mean duration of the lesion was 8 days. These lesions were frequently localized on trunks and extremities. Superficial perivascular dermatitis with lymphocytic infiltrate was a histopathological hallmark of these lesions. As these skin lesions may have a possible association with diagnosis, management, prognosis, and severity of the disease, all health practitioners need to be well acquainted with these Covid-19 skin lesions. Also, in the middle of this worldwide pandemic, early identification of this eruption may help manage this infection's further spread.
At present, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is causing a major pandemic. COVID-19 is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In COVID-19, the patient usually presents with fever, dry cough, and respiratory manifestations. However, the involvement of other systems has also been reported in the literature. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea are the predominant gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations underlined in the literature. We conducted a literature search using four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov ). Our search strategy included Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and GI system from inception to October 2020. After excluding duplicates, review articles, and non-relevant articles, we included 20 studies out of 842 articles reporting GI manifestations in COVID-19 patients. Using Cochrane RevMan version 5.4 (Cochrane, London, UK), a compute pooled analysis using a random-effect model was performed. Our study included 6,022 patients with a median age of 49.5 years. Pooled analysis via random effect model revealed an increased risk of severe COVID-19 in patients manifesting GI symptoms with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.07 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.34-3.18) with I 2 =41%). Odds of mortality in COVID-19 with GI manifestation and hepatic abnormalities included 0.92 (95% CI: 0.50-1.69) (I 2 =57%) and 1.26 (95% CI: 0.67-2.37) (I 2 =0%), respectively. Severe COVID-19 may have a strong association with GI manifestations and have a significant impact on GI practice. Holistic knowledge of the spectrum of the GI consequences in COVID-19 is crucial to get a hold of virus spread. In this article, we have summarized the association of GI manifestations in severe COVID-19 patients.
COVID-19 is a new infection that first occurred in China and now is spreading worldwide. The disease is considered to be a serious respiratory disease in humans. This study has been designed to assess surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2and exposure risk of the disease in the medical staff of two coronavirus referral hospitals of Qom province, which were dedicated to the admission and treatment of COVID -19 patients.. This study was carried in two steps including analysis of environmental samples and exposure risk assessment of COVID-19. In this study 50 environmental samples were collected from different sites of the hospitals. After extracting RNA, RT-PCR was done for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that 18% of environmental sites, including elevator buttons (8%), doorknobs (6%) and bed rails (4%) were positive. In the risk assessment process based on according to wear of personal protective equipment, exposed to high touch surfaces, performing hand hygiene, any accident with biological fluid/respiratory secretions, the results indicate that 60.4 %, 68.3%, 28.6% and 20.6% health care personal including medical doctors, nurses and assistant nurses have high risk, respectively. In general, implement a plan for monitoring health personnel exposed to confirmed COVID-19 cases for respiratory illness including environmental surveillance engineering controls and personal protective equipment recommended.
Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of hypertension and diabetes in patients, thrombolysed for STEMI and explore the relationship between these comorbidities and patient outcomes. By examining the frequency of these comorbidities in thrombolysed STEMI patients, healthcare providers can develop personalized treatment plans to optimize patient outcomes. Furthermore, these findings have the potential to contribute to future research focused on preventing or managing hypertension and diabetes in STEMI patients. Study Design: cross sectional study Study Setting: Cardiology Department, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan. Duration of Study: Six months from August 1st, 2022 to 31st Jan, 2023. Material and Methods:. A total of 170 patients, aged between 18 and 80 years, were included in the sample for analysis. The study focused specifically on patients who were thrombolysed using Streptokinase. Results: In this study, male to female ratio was nearly 3:1. Among the 170 patients, 96 (56%) were found to have hypertension, while 42 (24%) were diagnosed with diabetes. Among the hypertensive patients, which accounted for 96 (56%) of the total population, 60 (62.5%) were male and 36 (37.5%) were female. Among these diabetic patients, 24 (57.1%) were male, while 18 (42.9%) were female. Conclusion: This study highlights the high frequency of hypertension and diabetes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with thrombolytic therapy. These findings suggest the importance of screening STEMI patients for these comorbidities and providing appropriate follow-up care to optimize patient outcomes. Keywords: Prevalence, Hypertension, Diabetes, STEMI.
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