Maculopapular skin eruptions associated with Covid‐19: A systematic review

Shams, Saad; Rathore, Sawai Singh; Anvekar, Priyanka; Sondhi, Manush; Kancherla, Neeraj; Tousif, Sohaib; Rojas, Gianpier Alonzo; Ahmed, Naveed; Munawwar, Mehwish; Noman, Muhammad

doi:10.1111/dth.14788

Cited by 23 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) due to excess cytokine release arbitrated through pathologic T cells and monocytes. 67,68 3. Higher metabolic requirements related to systemic infection and lower supply due to continued hypoxia cause injury to the myocardial system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocarditis associated with Covid‐19 disease: A systematic review of published case reports and case series

Rathore¹,

Rojas

Sondhi

et al. 2021

Int J Clin Pract

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Background: Covid-19 is an extremely contagious illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The cardiac involvement in such a public health emergency disease has not been well studied and a conflicting evidence exists on this issue. Objective: This systematic review article aimed to compile and illustrate clinical characteristics, diagnostic findings, management, and outcomes manifesting in myocarditis linked with Covid-19. Methods: A literature search was accomplished for published eligible articles with MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases. All eligible case reports and case series were included from around the world without any language restrictions. For this review, inclusion criteria were laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection cases reporting a diagnosis of acute myocarditis. Results: Data from 41 studies describing myocarditis in 42 Covid-19 patients was obtained. The median age of these patients was 43.4 years, with 71.4% of them being men. Fever was the most prevalent presenting symptoms seen in 57% of patients. Hypertension was the most pervasive comorbidity accompanying these patients. Cardiac biomarkers troponin and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were raised in almost 90% and 87% of patients, respectively. Electrocardiogram findings were nonspecific and included ST-segment and T-wave changes. Echocardiogram commonly showed left ventricular systolic dysfunction with increased heart size. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) exhibited myocardial edema and injury. The most prevalent histopathological feature appreciated was diffuse lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrates. Antivirals and corticosteroids were the most frequently used medications. About 38% of patients also needed vasopressor assistance. Out of 42 patients, 67% recovered, and eight died. Conclusion:Because of the risk of a sudden worsening of patients conditions and myocarditis association with considerable mortality and morbidity, a knowledge of this cardiac complication of Covid-19 disease is crucial for healthcare professionals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocarditis associated with Covid‐19 disease: A systematic review of published case reports and case series

Rathore¹,

Rojas

Sondhi

et al. 2021

Int J Clin Pract

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“…The dermatological manifestations of COVID‐19, which were initially considered to be of little significance, have proven to be varied and sophisticated. According to published literature, the incidence of dermatological lesions in COVID‐19 ranges from 0.6% to 20.4% 7 . Hair loss after recovery from COVID‐19 is becoming a prominent dermal manifestation, with acute telogen effluvium (TE) being a common occurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of acute telogen effluvium, a harrowing post‐COVID‐19 manifestation

Hussain¹,

Agarwala

Iqbal

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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This systematic review focuses on the clinical features, physical examination findings, outcomes, and underlying pathology of acute telogen effluvium (TE), a type of diffuse hair loss, occurring in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) recovered patients. MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases were queried till October 2021 to identify studies reporting acute TE occurring after COVID‐19 recovery. Data were obtained from 19 studies, which included 465 patients who were diagnosed with acute TE. The median age of these patients was 44 years and 67.5% were females. The most common trichoscopic findings were decreased hair density, the presence of empty follicles, or short regrowing hair. The mean duration from COVID‐19 symptom onset to the appearance of acute TE was 74 days, which is earlier than classic acute TE. Most patients recovered from hair loss, while a few patients had persistent hair fall. Our results highlight the need to consider the possibility of post‐COVID‐19 acute TE in patients presenting with hair fall, with a history of COVID‐19 infection, in the context of COVID‐19 pandemic. Despite being a self‐limiting condition, hair loss post‐COVID‐19 is a stressful manifestation. Identifying COVID‐19 infection as a potential cause of acute TE will help the clinicians counsel the patients, relieving them from undue stress.

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“…The results of our analysis suggest that pleural effusion could be an indicator of poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients.F I G U R E 4 Forest plot for mortality outcome analysis Despite the fact that the pathophysiology behind the lung injury in COVID-19 patients remains elusive, there are several proposed mechanisms. First is the binding of the SARS-CoV-2virus through ACE2 receptors present in lung tissue leading to direct tissue injury 36,37. SARS-CoV-2 invades the human cell via protein receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) present in many organs of the human body including the lungs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and clinical outcomes of pleural effusion in COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Rathore¹,

Hussain

Manju

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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Observational studies indicate that pleural effusion has an association with risk and the clinical prognosis of COVID‐19 disease; however, the available literature on this area is inconsistent. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to evaluate the correlation between COVID‐19 disease and pleural effusion. A rigorous literature search was conducted using multiple databases. All eligible observational studies were included from around the globe. The pooled prevalence and associated 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random effect model. Mantel–Haenszel odds ratios were produced to report overall effect size using random effect models for severity and mortality outcomes. Funnel plots, Egger regression tests, and Begg–Mazumdar's rank correlation test were used to appraise publication bias. Data from 23 studies including 6234 COVID‐19 patients was obtained. The overall prevalence of pleural effusion in COVID‐19 patients was 9.55% (95% CI, I2 = 92%). Our findings also indicated that the presence of pleural effusions associated with increased risk of severity of disease(OR = 5.08, 95% CI 3.14–8.22, I2 = 77.4%) and mortality due to illness(OR = 4.53, 95% CI 2.16–9.49, I2 = 66%) compared with patients without pleural effusion. Sensitivity analyses illustrated a similar effect size while decreasing the heterogeneity. No significant publication bias was evident in the meta‐analysis. The presence of pleural effusion can assist as a prognostic factor to evaluate the risk of worse outcomes in COVID‐19 patients hence, it is recommended that hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with pleural effusion should be managed on an early basis.

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Maculopapular skin eruptions associated with Covid‐19: A systematic review

Cited by 23 publications

References 57 publications

Myocarditis associated with Covid‐19 disease: A systematic review of published case reports and case series

Myocarditis associated with Covid‐19 disease: A systematic review of published case reports and case series

A systematic review of acute telogen effluvium, a harrowing post‐COVID‐19 manifestation

Prevalence and clinical outcomes of pleural effusion in COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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