Obesity is demonstrated to be a risk factor in the development of cancers of various organs, such as colon, prostate, pancreas and so on. Leptine (LEP) is the most renowned of the adipokines. As a hormone, it mediates its effect through leptin receptor (LEPR), which is widely expressed in various tissues including colon mucosa. In this study, we have investigated the degree of expression of LEP and LEPR in colorectal cancer (CRC). We collected 44 surgically resected colon cancer tissues along with normal adjacent colon tissue (NACT) from a sample of CRC patients from the Malaysian population and looked for leptin and leptin receptors using immunohistochemistry (IHC). All the samples showed low presence of both LEP and LEPR in NACT, while both LEP and LEPR were present at high intensity in the cancerous tissues with 100% and 97.7% prevalence, respectively. Both were sparsed in the cytoplasm and were concentrated beneath the cell membrane. However, we did not find any significant correlation between their expression and pathological parameters like grade, tumor size, and lymph node involvement. Our study further emphasizes the possible causal role of LEP and LEPR with CRC, and also the prospect of using LEPR as a possible therapeutic target.

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As it is known; the majority of the human subjects has two renal arteries arising from the abdominal aorta; each will supply one kidney but in 30% of individuals, certain variations can be found. Accessory renal arteries constitute the most common and clinically important of these variations. For our case report, we are presenting one of these different variations that can be found in the blood supply of the kidneys. During dissecting the abdomen of an approximately 65 years-old male cadaver, multiple variations were found. There were double right renal arteries with prehilar branching of the upper renal artery. We found also that the right renal vein ascended upwards obliquely before ending in the lateral aspect of the inferior vena cava. Variation in the renal vessels is relatively common, especially multiple renal arteries, and can go smoothly without any abnormalities with the function of the kidney, but in some situations like renal transplantations, vascular reconstructions, and various surgical and radiological diagnostic techniques, the study of the anatomy of these variations is of crucial importance to decrease the patient morbidity during surgical procedures.

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