Black phosphorus surface plasmon (BPSP) is a new promising candidate material for electromagnetic field confinement at the subwavelength scale. Here, we theoretically investigated the light confinement, second-order nonlinearity and lifetimes of tunable surface plasmons in nanostructured black phosphorus nanoflakes with superstrates. The grating structure can enhance the local optical field of the fundamental wave (FW) and second harmonic wave (SHW) due to the surface plasmon resonance. Based on the coupled mode theory (CMT), a theoretical model for the nanostructured black phosphorus was established to study the spectrum features of FW. The lifetimes of the plasmonic resonant modes were investigated with the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations and CMT. Since the permittivity of black phosphorus depends on its Fermi energy and electron scattering rate, the lifetimes of plasmonic absorption modes are tunable with both the Fermi energy and scattering rate. The intensity, wavelengths and spectral width of BPSP resonance modes and their lifetimes can be precisely controlled with the Fermi energy, scattering rate, side length and refractive index of the superstrate. The sensitivity is described by varying the refractive index of the superstrate such as an aqueous solution. We have introduced a secondorder nonlinear source to investigate the SHW of nanostructured black phosphorus. This paper presents the corner/edge energy distribution and the tunable lifetime of BPSP as well as their unprecedented capability of photon manipulation for second-order nonlinearity within the deep subwavelength scale. The configuration and method are useful for research of the absorption, lifetime of light and nonlinear optical processes in black phosphorus-based optoelectronic devices, especially the modulation and sensing applications.
The confined surface plasmon of fundamental wave and second harmonic wave (SHW) are investigated in graphene grating structure. The linear-optical absorption spectra with various fermi energy and carrier mobility are investigated with the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations and coupled mode theory (CMT). Based on the CMT, a theoretical model for the graphene grating is established to study the spectrum features of fundamental wave. The lifetimes of linear-optical resonant modes in theoretical model are investigated through the theoretical fitting of exact values in simulation, which are tunable with both the fermi energy and carrier mobility. We also have investigated the second-order nonlinearity of graphene grating by introducing the second-order nonlinear source. The proposed configuration and method are useful for research of the absorption, local field enhancement factor, lifetime of light, and nonlinear optical processes in highly integrated graphene photoelectric devices.
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