Recent advances in graphene and black phosphorus nonlinear plasmonics

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Over the past decade, the plasmonics of graphene and black phosphorus (BP) were widely recognized as promising media for establishing linear and nonlinear light-matter interactions. Compared to the conventional metals, they support significant light-matter interaction of high efficiency and show undispersed optical properties. Furthermore, in contrast to the conventional metals, the plasmonic properties of graphene and BP structure can be tuned by electrical and chemical doping. In this review, a deep attention was paid toward the second- and third-order nonlinear plasmonic modes of graphene and BP. We present a theoretical framework for calculating the lifetime for surface plasmons modes of graphene and BP assisted by the coupled mode theory. The effect of the Fermi energy on the second-order and third-order nonlinear response is studied in detail. We survey the recent advances in nonlinear optics and the applications of graphene and BP-based tunable plasmonic devices such as light modulation devices, switches, biosensors, and other nonlinear photonic devices. Finally, we highlight a few representative current applications of graphene and BP to photonic and optoelectronic devices.</jats:p>

Tunable Lifetime and Nonlinearity in Two Dimensional Materials Plasmonic-Photonic Absorber

“…The carrier dynamic of a saturable structure plays an important role to determine how a short pulse can be produced in large-scale vertical bilayer junctions [23]. Let us assume that the incident field is ultrashort pulse here [43]. The short pulse with two different central frequencies ω 2 and ω 3 can be written as E(r,t) = E(r)exp(−(t − t 0 ) 2 /(t d 2)) (e −iω2t + e −iω3t ), where delay of time is t 0 and t d is 200 fs.…”

Tailored nano-electronics and photonics with two-dimensional materials at terahertz frequencies

“…Eventually, extensive research has been also recently devoted to investigate non-linear effects in graphene related 2D materials [241]. For example, BP displays a strong mid-IR saturable absorption, driven by carrier dynamics faster than those observed in graphene [242], however, no demonstration of nonlinear THz response has been observed to date, except for graphene.…”

Harmonic Generation in Low‐Dimensional Materials

“…The outstanding experimental results have indicated that LDMs exhibit extraordinarily large nonlinear susceptibilities, implying a huge potential of these materials for various applications such as wavelength conversion, and ultrafast pulse characterization. [32][33][34] There have been a few reviews on the nonlinear optical properties of LDMs containing harmonic generations as a section. [16,34,35] There are also a few recent papers providing more focused discussion on the SHG in 2D materials.…”

“…The outstanding experimental results have indicated that LDMs exhibit extraordinarily large nonlinear susceptibilities, implying a huge potential of these materials for various applications such as wavelength conversion, and ultrafast pulse characterization. [ 32–34 ]…”