A strong antibiotic producer, Bacillus subtilis strain Bbv 57 (KF718836), has been utilized for the management of wiltnematode complex (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gerberae, Meloidogyne incognita) in gerbera under greenhouse conditions in the Department of Floriculture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The strain strongly inhibited F. oxysporum f. sp. gerberae (KM523669) mycelial growth to an extent of 44.33 and 63.33%, at 10 and 100 μl, of culture filtrate, respectively. Further, the culture filtrate at 100% concentration exerted lethal effect on nematode eggs (7.00 hatched) and juveniles (87% mortality) compared to control. The analysis of TLC revealed that Bbv 57 showed the cyclic antimicrobial peptides surfactin and iturin that were confirmed by PCR. Strain Bbv 57 was able to produce antifungal and anti-nematicidal activity with reduced wilt incidence (15.33%) and thus holds a great potential for use in the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt-root-knot nematode disease complex in gerbera under greenhouse conditions.
Two pot culture experiments were carried out in carnation var. redking in two different seasons to study the interactive effect of Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita on the growth, yield and changes in physiological parameters of the plant. Highest reduction of growth and yield parameters were observed in the plants that received sequential inoculation of the nematode followed by fungus. Significant reduction in the nematode population was observed in the sequential inoculation of the fungus followed by nematodes and combined inoculation of the two pathogens. Reduced chlorophyll content and increased protein and sugar content were observed in the plants due to the interaction of nematode and fungus.
Pot culture experiments were carried out to study the interactive effect of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum in Gerbera, Gerbera jamesonii Hook. Sequential and concomitant inoculation of the nematode and fungus was done to observe the disease severity in the plants due to the individual effect and interactive effect of nematode and fungus. It was observed from the study that the wilt disease was found to be more severe with the sequential inoculation of nematodes followed by fungus than with the fungus alone treatment. From the study, it was clear that nematodes act as a predisposer in the spread of secondary fungal pathogens.
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