Background
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines currently recommend triple-therapy antimicrobial treatment for anthrax meningitis. In the Kyrgyz Republic, a country with endemic anthrax, cutaneous anthrax patients are routinely hospitalized and treated successfully with only monotherapy or dual therapy. Clinical algorithms have been developed to identify patients with likely anthrax meningitis based on signs and symptoms alone. We sought to retrospectively identify likely meningitis patients in the Kyrgyz Republic using a clinical algorithm and evaluate risk factors and their outcomes by type of treatment.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review of cutaneous anthrax patients in the Kyrgyz Republic from 2005 through 2012. Using previous methods, we developed a highly specific algorithm to categorize patients by meningitis status. We then evaluated patient risk factors, treatments, and outcomes by disease severity and meningitis status.
Results
We categorized 37 of 230 cutaneous anthrax patients as likely having meningitis. All 37 likely meningitis patients survived, receiving only mono- or dual-therapy antimicrobials. We identified underlying medical conditions, such as obesity, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and tobacco and alcohol use, as potential risk factors for severe anthrax and anthrax meningitis.
Conclusions
Based on our analyses, treatment of anthrax meningitis may not require 3 antimicrobials, which could impact future anthrax treatment recommendations. In addition, chronic comorbidities may increase risk for severe anthrax and anthrax meningitis. Future research should further investigate potential risk factors for severe anthrax and their impact on laboratory-confirmed meningitis and evaluate mono- and dual-therapy antimicrobial regimens for anthrax meningitis.
In order to improve epidemiological surveillance of anthrax distribution substantiated was the necessity to elaborate uniform informational and analytical program based on the GIS-technology. The program is aimed for creation of wide spectrum of epidemiological and epizootiological prognoses that permit to substantiate modern strategy of focal territories monitoring.
The article presents the results of changes in the process of metabolism (protein metabolism) in the elderly and senile population. The paper studies the peculiarities of changes in the process of protein metabolism in the elderly and senile people living in the southern region of Kyrgyzstan in different periods of the year. People of elderly and senile age react acutely to seasonal fluctuations. Seasonal changes in the environment affect the regulation of the rhythm of life. In the cold period of the year, under the influence of seasonal factors, a decrease in the functional state of the body systems is observed in the elderly and senile population. At different periods of the year and with age, a weakening of the body's metabolism, including protein synthesis, can be observed. Functional and structural changes in the liver, kidneys are completely reduced in the elderly and the elderly compared to young people. Blood tests by biochemical methods at different periods of the year provide a complete assessment of the physiological state of the elderly and seniors.
The article presents static analysis data on vaccination among residents of Dzhalal-Abad region from the beginning of the pandemic to the present. The availability of different types of vaccines is considered based on the result of provision at the expense of states, as well as the prospects for expanding vaccines to ensure the required volume of vaccination. Effective results of mass vaccinations were revealed in the formation of herd immunity, which prevented the occurrence of repeated outbreaks of the disease. The data of the analysis carried out over 2 years indicate that the position of health workers is consistent with the ways to solve the quarantine of the entire population of Dzhalal-Abad region. In 2021, the month of the peak of the incidence, the number of opponents of vaccination decreased from 29% to 23%. The number of people who are not going to be vaccinated has sharply decreased, but the number of actually vaccinated has increased slightly.
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