Purpose: to find out the features of hip girth (distal) of both limbs of young boys and young girls of Bukovynian higher educational institutions, depending on the sport type. Materials and methods: 115 students of Bukovynian higher education institutions aged from 16 to 21 years old participated in the study, 78 (67.82%) of them were young boys and 37 (32.18%) were young girls. The main group was 75 (65.22 %) students of the I-II courses of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Human Health (the Yuriy Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University), the control group - 40 (34.78%) college students and students of the Stomatological Faculty of the Bukovynian State Medical University, who underwent an anthropometric study, according to the method of V.V. Bunaka in the modification of P.P. Shaparenko (determination of body weight and hip girth distally). Results: a comparison of the length of the distal right and left hip girth of young boys and young girls of both groups shows that the length of the right hip girth of young boys and young girls is bigger than the left: the main group (right in young boys - 48.50±2.0 cm, left - 42.25 ±2.0 cm; right in young girls – 48.59±2.0 cm; left – 41.74±2.0 cm), control group (right in young boys – 49.19±2.0 cm, left – 44 ,42±2.0 cm; young girls' right - 46.57±2.0 cm; left - 41.52±2.0 cm). The conducted regression analysis shows that gender and weight are significant factors for hip girth distally on the right and left. Conclusions: the model for predicting the circumference of the distal right thigh has the equation: y = β1+β2 +0.318*x, where y is the distal right thigh circumference, x is weight. Coefficient β1 = 29.848 for young girls and β2 = 25.95 for young boys. The coefficient of determination is 0.994. On the left, it has the equation: y = β1+β2 +0.292*x, where y is the hip girth on the distal left, x is weight. Coefficient β1 = 29.848 for women and β2 = 21.901 for men. The coefficient of determination is 0.991.
The aim of our work was to investigate the peculiarities of the functioning circadian organization the ion-regulating function of pineal gland hyperfunction of the influence nitrogen monoxide synthesis blockade. Materials and methods: The experiments were conducted on 72 mature non-linear albino male rats with their body mass 0,15-0,18 kg. The control group included animals (n=36) kept under conditions of usual light regimen (12.00L:12.00D) during 7 days. The experimental group included animals (n=36) injected with N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) in the dose of 20 mg/kg during 7 days under conditions of continuous absolute darkness (12.00D:12.00D). On the 8th day the animals were exposed to 5% water load with heated to room temperature water supplied and the parameters of the kidney ion-regulating function under conditions of forced diuresis were investigated. Results and conclusions: The obtained results of the performed blockade nitrogen monoxide (NO) synthesis in conditions of hyperfunction of the brain epiphysis allow to conclude that the daily mean of the rate of excretion of sodium ions decreases in comparison with the animals that were kept under pineal gland (PG) hyperfunction of the filtration fraction and reabsorption of sodium ions are reduced compared to the control animals and rats which were kept under conditions of PG hyperfunction and accompanied by stable indicators of the concentration the specified cation in the blood plasma during the observation period. The action of the blockade NO synthesis in conditions of PG hyperfunction leads to a decrease in the distal transport bridge of sodium ions with a maximum in the day and night intervals of the day the position of the acro- and batiphase of the rhythm changes as compared with the control animals.
The aim: To find out the features of the hip circumference in the middle of both extremities by students of higher education institutions of Bukovina, depending on the sport type. Materials and methods: The study of anthropometric parameters was conducted on 115 students of higher education institutions of Bukovina from 16 to 18 years where 78 (67.82%) – young boys and 37 (32.18%) – young girls. The main group of 75 (65.22%) students were represented by the first and the second year students of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Human Health of the Yuriy Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University, and control group consisted of 40 (34.78%) college students and students of the Stomatological Faculty of Bukovynian State Medical University. Among the students of the main group were – 57 (76.0%) young boys and 18 (24.0%) young girls who, in addition to physical activity, which was included in the program of their specialty, additionally engaged in the sports (football players, volleyball players, basketball players, handball players), the control group consisted of 21 (52.5%) young boys and 19 (47.5%) young girls who are busy with hours of physical education, according to the curriculum of their specialty and did not engage in additional sports. Anthropometric examination included the definition of total (height and body weight) parameters and partial (hip circumference in the middle third). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using a licensed program RStudio. Results: Based on the Kraskel-Wallis test, it was found that there is a significant difference in the average length of the hip circumference (in the middle third) on the left depending on the sport. Based on the Conover-Iman test, it was found that there is a significant difference for the pairs «basketball» – «handball», «control» – «handball», «football» – «handball», «volleyball» – «control», «volleyball» – «football», «volleyball» – «handball». Conclusions: The model for predicting the length of the hip circumference (in the middle third) on the right has the form y = β1 + β2 + 0,328 * х1 – 0,167 * х2, on the left it looks like y = β1 + β2 + 0,451 * х1 – 0,179 * х2, where y is the girth of the thigh in the middle third, is the weight, х2 is the height. The coefficient β1 = 58,181 for young girls and β2 = 53,302 for young boys. Coefficient β2 = 0 for the group «basketball», β2 = – 3,358 for the group «control», β2 = – 0,484 for the group «football», β2 = – 1,991 for the group «handball», β2 = – 0,824 for the group «volleyball».
The main problem in training athletes is adequate selection and sports affiliation. Solving the problems of selection involves the creation of a model of the athlete of this sport, a certain set of characteristics that determine athletic performance. This requires anthropometric assessment, morphometric and biometric data to track physical and physiological parameters, information to assess performance and recovery in sports, modification of training regimes to prevent injuries, provide guidance on regulating the use of technologies that used in professional sports, as well as to research and make recommendations for the proper collection, storage and exchange of the health information. One of the important problems of modern morphology is the study of the transformations that occur in the body under the influence of various factors. This problem has acquired particular importance in connection with the development of sports. High sports performance associated with significant loads on the athlete's body encourage scientists, doctors, coaches to search for the physiological reserves of the body and search for optimal modes during training. From this point of view, the study of the transformations that take place in individual organs, systems and in the body as a whole, under the influence of physical loads of varying intensity and nature, is relevant and is of great practical importance. Studies have shown changes in the basic physiological and biochemical parameters in athletes, such as adaptation of the muscular, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems, the nature of muscle energy supply, and tissue metabolism processes. There are also scientific studies that reflect structural changes that appear in the body under the influence of physical exertion. The level of results in modern sports is so great that in order to achieve them, athletes need to have appropriate morphological and functional data, as well as excellent physical and mental abilities. Therefore, the main problem of training athletes is adequate selection and sports orientation. Solving the selection problems involves the creation of a model of an athlete of a given specialization, that is, a certain set of features that determine sports performance. The set of features and the order in which they are listed is different for different sports. In the conditions of sports selection, such morphological characteristics as total body dimensions (length), body proportions, body mass composition are taken into account.
The aim: Establishing anthropometric parameters and determining the patterns of formation of types of constitution in students-athletes and medical students while studying in higher education. Materials and methods: We conducted a study of anthropometric parameters on 129 first and second year students of higher educational institutions in Chernivtsi (aged 16 to 21). The vast majority of students - 121 (93.8%), were from 17 to 19 years, 16 years - 5 (3.9%), 21 years - 2 (1.5%), 21 years - 1 student (0.8 %). Of these, 83 (64.4%) were male and 46 (35.6%) were female. All respondents are divided into two groups: the main group - 89 (69%), control group - 40 (31%). Among the students of the main group there were 62 (69.7%) male and 27 (30.3%) female. The control group consists of 21 (52.5%) men and 19 (47.5%) women. Students of the main group, in addition to physical activity, which was included in the program of their specialty, additionally engaged in the following sports: football - 40 (44.9%) students, volleyball - 18 (20.3%), tennis – 10 (11.2 %), fitness - 9 (10.1%), basketball - 7 (7.9%), freestyle wrestling - 5 (5.6%).All students underwent anthropometric research, according to the method of VV Bunak in the modification by PP Shaparenko. Anthropometric survey included the definition of total (length and body weight) and partial dimensions - longitudinal, transverse, circumferential. Determination of the somatotype was performed by MV Chornorutsky based on the Pinier index L - (P + T), L - body length, P - weight, T - chest circumference. In hypostenics (asthenics) this index is more than 10, in hypersthenics less than 10, in normosthenics in the range from 10 to 30 and according to V.M. Shevkunenko, where Ind: length of the lower limb / height x 100. Based on the index, dolichomorphic type of structure of the lower limb corresponds to a value greater than 55, from 50 to 55 indicates a mesomorphic (middle) type of structure of the lower limb. If the figure is less than 50 - brachymorphic type of structure. Results: The probable difference of types of the constitution of students of the main group for MV Chornorutsky on the based the Pinier index and VM Shevkunenko, using the Shevkunenko index. So, between the asthenic type and the hypersthenic type of constitution, because in the main group, according to the Pinier index of asthenics - 26 (29.2%), while according to the Shevkunenko index - 3 (3.4%). Hypertensives according to the Pinier index are - 9 (10.1%), on the difference according to the Shevkunenko index – 25 (28%). The result of a study of students in the control group based on the Pinier index by MV Chornorutsky, and according to VM using the Shevkunenko index, Shevkunenko also showed a significant difference for all types of constitution: according to the Pinier index of normosthenics - 23 (57.5%), while according to the Shevkunenko index – 19 (47,%), according to the Pinier index - 7 (17.5%) - hypertensive, according to the Shevkunenko index - 25 (28%), according to MV Chornorutsky, asthenics - 10 (25%) at the same time as according to Shevkunenko dolichomorphic type of constitution in students of the control group, was not observed during the study. Conclusions: There is a significant discrepancy in terms of determining the types of constitution, according to MV Chornorutsky, based on the Pinier index and VM Shevkunenko, using the Shevkunenko index. Based on this, it is necessary to further study this issue because the criteria and methods of evaluation, indices, analysis of index results and in order to find common approaches to the methodology of establishing the types of constitution remain unrelated.
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