Reduction in concentration of mechanical impurities is evaluated in the circulating flow of cleaned water, some of which has been passed through a hydrocyclone.A procedure for calculating the extent to which the solid phase is extracted into a slime-receiving bin is proposed for development of the hydrocyclone plant.Hydrocyclones are widely used in industry, for example, to concentrate and clarify suspensions, and also in processes where it is required to classify particles according to size. These vessels offer considerable advantages over centrifuges and separators: low cost, simplicity of fabrication, and operational reliability.Cylindrical-conical hydroclones with two separation products -clarified and concentrated -are utilized most frequently. In a number of cases, however, a large amount of the dispersion medium proceeds into the lower discharge during separation of low-concentration suspensions. Kalashnikov et al. [1] recommend that hydrocyclones with a bin established on a lower sand packing be used for the separation of dilute suspensions.The circulating water employed at factories usually contains a significant amount of mechanical impurities, which settle onto heat-transmitting surfaces, result in increased wear of bearing assemblies, and contribute to rapid failure of shaft seals. As a rule, cumbersome filtering equipment through which the entire liquid flow is passed is used to clean the circulating water.In the scheme proposed for the cleaning of circulating water (Fig. 1), some of the circulating water, the flow rate of which is regulated by valves 3 and 4, is passed through cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone 5, or a battery of multiple hydrocyclones. Here, the flow that is directed into the hydrocyclone may amount to only several percents of the overall flow of water circulating in the loop.Let us evaluate the reduction in concentration of mechanical inclusions in the circulating water. Let Q (m 3 ) of water containing c ini (kg/m 3 ) of solid impurities circulate within the loop; then, the content of solid phase in the flow G ini = c ini Q (kg).
It is shown that one can determine the solid-phase content in the separation products from a hydrocyclone on the basis of the diameter for the limiting grain size in the separation, but that approach does not allow one to calculate the grain-size distribution in the dispersed phase of the separation products. The separation in a cylindroconical hydrocyclone is considered not only in the traditional way, for the conical part of the body below the lower edge of the upper drainage tube, but also in the cylindrical part of the body. The proposed approach enables one to calculate not only the solid-phase concentration in the concentrated and clarified products but also the grain-size compositions in the separation products.Centrifugal equipment is widely used in the chemical industry, including cylindroconical hydrocyclones that differ from other apparatus in the group in having a simple design, small size, comparatively low cost, and absence of moving parts.Various methods have been developed for designing such cyclones, but most of them do not incorporate the effects of the zone under the lid on the expected separation parameters, including the grain-size composition for the particles in the dispersed phase in the products. In most methods, it is assumed that the particles of dispersed phase in the zone of the lid down to the lower edge of the top drainage tube are distributed uniformly over the section of the apparatus, but in fact the separation begins on entry to the cylindrical part of the body.It is therefore necessary to consider the hydrodynamics of the zone under the lid and devise a method of calculating the expected separation parameters on the basis of the effects of that zone on the separation.The following form can be given [1] for the radial motion of a particle in a cylindroconical hydrocyclone (Fig. 1):
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