The well-known symptoms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) are chronic pain, cognitive dysfunction, post-exertional malaise and severe fatigue. Another class of symptoms commonly reported in the context of ME/CFS are gastrointestinal (GI) problems. These may occur due to comorbidities such as Crohn’s disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or as a symptom of ME/CFS itself due to an interruption of the complex interplay between the gut microbiota (GM) and the host GI tract. An altered composition and overall decrease in diversity of GM has been observed in ME/CFS cases compared to controls. In this review, we reflect on genetics, infections, and other influences that may factor into the alterations seen in the GM of ME/CFS individuals, we discuss consequences arising from these changes, and we contemplate the therapeutic potential of treating the gut to alleviate ME/CFS symptoms holistically.
Heat exchanger plays a major role in industrial process heating. Heat is transported among liquids by conduction and convection over the partitions of the heat exchanger. Heat transfer solutions have little thermal conductivity that significantly bounds the heat exchanger competence. Many research activities are carried out to improve the thermal properties of fluids by adding thermally conductive solids into liquids. Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles in the base fluid which is a new challenge in the field of thermal science provided by nanotechnology. In this paper an experimental setup of split flow heat exchanger was designed and fabricated. Heat exchanger performance is analyzed by adding Aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) with the base fluid (tap water, distilled water and a mixture of distilled water and ethylene glycol).The thermal properties like overall heat transfer coefficient and effectiveness of the heat exchanger were calculated and compared with the results of base fluid (water).
Wear behaviour of aluminium matrix composites are characterized by pin on disc wear test using various parameters such as sliding distance, sliding speed and load. MMC consists of aluminium alloy (A356) as the matrix material and particulate alumina of 5% and 10% by weight as the reinforcement was fabricated using stir casting. Wear resistance of composites are improved by the presence of reinforcements. Experiments were conducted based on the plan of experiments generated through Taguchi Technique. L9 orthogonal array was selected for analysis of data. The objective of this investigation is to study the influence of sliding speed, sliding distance, load and weight percentage reinforcement on wear rate of fabricated metal matrix composites.
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