Arrhythmia is irregular heartbeat, too slow or too fast. Heart function is regulated by electrical impulse which initiate from the sinus node and deputed over heart. Rhythmic change occurs in heart due to abnormal conduction of impulse results in arrhythmia Origin and mechanism of the arrhythmia is different and the electrocardiogram is used to have complete knowledge of arrhythmias, methodology and its construction of electrical impulse. Tele ECG is one among, the recent invention which has reduced the workload of recording heartbeat in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. According to the impulse disorder in heart, different arrhythmia were categorised. Mainly two, disorder of impulse occur in atrium is a called atrial arrhythmia and irregular impulse occur in ventricle is a known as ventricular arrhythmia. Anti-arrhythmic agents are classified based on changes in the phases of myocardial cell to treat the various arrhythmia. Herbal medicine has a minimized in side effects.
COVID-19 caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first time reported in December 2019. The disease has been showing rapid progression to a global pandemic causing profound adverse impact on medical, social, and economic status of the world. Pregnant women and new-borns belong to vulnerable population, who need to be protected. However, currently the impact of this novel virus on the foetus and neonate remains unknown. This article outlines the precautions and steps to be taken by nurses, an important member of the Health Care Team (HCT) before, and during delivery, during and after resuscitation of a neonate born to a COVID-19 mother. More evidence and research work are needed to know the risk of vertical and horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes.
Cardiovascular disorders make up a large burden on existing health care system. Besides history and physical examination, the electrocardiography (ECG) remains the Àrst and foremost diagnostic investigation to assess the electrical and muscular activity of the heart. Basic understanding of life-threatening cardiac rhythms and their management is an essential skill to salvage the suffering patients. This study aimed to assess the baseline ECG knowledge and also the effectiveness of a structured ECG programme on the knowledge score among registered nurses working at various health care levels. It also aimed to Ànd out the association between knowledge on ECG monitoring, interpretation and other variables. One group pre-test post design was used. In total 101 registered nurses (RNs)were recruited using convenient sampling technique. Demographic and educational proÀ le was assessed. The baseline knowledge scores were assessed using self-designed reliable and valid ECG monitoring and interpretation questionnaire following which structured ECG teaching programme was implemented, and post-test was taken for the knowledge score. Teaching content on ECG monitoring and interpretation was prepared on the basis of review of literature and in consultation with experts. Content validity of teaching content was established by giving it to Àve experts in different Àelds and modiÀ cations were made according to experts’ suggestions. The tools were pre-tested before use among À ve nursing ofÀ cers. Reliability coefÀ cient of structured knowledge questionnaire was found out by using Split half technique and the tool was found reliable (r=0.90). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Majority i.e. 39 (38.61%) of the RNs had educational qualiÀcation upto BSc Nursing and majority i.e. 68 (67.33%) had attended ECG learning programme within last three months, majority i.e. 84 (82%) were female, mean age was 33.3 years (mini-22, max-52), majority i.e. 48 (47.5%) had clinical experience of 5-10 years. About half (49.5%) of them had average pre-test knowledge score, 49 (48.5%) had poor pre-test knowledge score. There was a signiÀ cant improvement (p=0.0001) in the mean knowledge score from 4.99 r 2.16 to 8.96 r 1.76. There was a signiÀcant association (p=0.02) between knowledge gain and recent attendance in ECG workshop during past three months.
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