This study assessed the potential applications of open data source satellite images in estimating the phenology of the wheat crop on a study farm found in the village of Ovcha Mogila, Bulgaria. A Landsat-9 and Sentinel-2 satellite images were extracted from the open data sources. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was used to capture the spectral response of plant leaves. In addition, SpectraVue 710s Leaf Spectrometer was used to measure the spectral response of the crop at five different locations. The soil samples were collected in eight spots within the farm plot. The physicochemical properties of the soil (pH, texture, N, P2 O5, and K2 O) were analyzed in the certified laboratory of AUP. The five broadband vegetation indices (VIs) have been estimated based on the reflectance wavelength range of remote sensing tools. A linear regression analysis was used along with the coefficient of determination (R2 ), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and correlation (r) matrix for comparing the performance of the sensors. The soil analysis revealed the study farm plot is slightly alkaline with a dominant soil texture of Clay and Clay Loam. The vegetation indices (VIs) increased linearly with crop development. Significant correlations were observed for most vegetation indices of Sentinel-2, Landsat-9, and the Buteo drone, with the highest correlation for NDVI of Sentinel-2 and Buteo drone (R2 of 0.37 and RMSE of 0.06). In relative terms, the Sentinel-2 VIs correlated better with the Buteo drone vegetation indices than the Landsat-9. The Landsat-9 VIs somewhat align better with the leaf spectrometer.
The aim of current research is to determine genetic effects in relation to inheritance of plant height and leaves number regard to their use for the Virginia tobacco breeding. The experimental work was carried out on the field of the Tobacco and tobacco products Institute, Markovo, Bulgaria. Coefficient of heritability and selection, the number of genes, transgressions and heterosis of plant height and leaves number were studied. For this purpose P 1 , P 2 , F 1 and F 2 populations of seven hybrid combinations were analyzed. The data from conducted analysis showed that inheritance of the plant height and tobacco leaves number is overdominantly, in the direction of the parent with the higher trait values.The number of genes influencing the plant height expression varies in a wide range (14-17) and genes number affecting tobacco leaves is 1 or 2. Negative epistasis was observed for the plant height inheritance, while epistatic interactions of genes controlling leaves number was weaker but positive one. There were establish high values for heritability coefficient of plant height and average one of leaves number. Based on the conducted analysis it was found that the mass selection by phenotype for studied traits would be more effective in the F 5 -F 6 hybrid generations.
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