The work presents a structural scheme and the principle of operation of an automated fluidized bed dryer. Studies of the proposed dryer were carried out by the method of planning the experiment, which allows to determine the optimal values of the parameters that affect the quality of the finished dried product (mustard cake) - residual moisture content,%. To study the optimum region, the Rechtschafner plan was implemented for a 3-factor experiment. Based on the regression equations and two-dimensional cross-sections of the response surfaces, the optimal values of the structural-operational parameters of an automated fluidized-bed dryer are determined.
The article describes the basic agrotechnical requirements for soybean combine harvesting. The current model range of adapters and headers used by agricultural producers for harvesting is analyzed. The design features and purpose of the headers and adapters to be used are studied. The results of experimental studies using dedicated soybean harvesting headers manufactured by Rostselmash in the real economic conditions of the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation and a theoretical calculation of the optimal length of the header table are presented. Studies of combine harvesters from Rostselmash (Nova 340, Vector, TORUM) having various designs of threshers (single-drum; axial-flow) have shown that RSM-181 TORUM 750+ZhSU-900 and RSM-181 TORUM 740+ZhSU-700 combine harvesters have high productivity per hour of the main period equal to 5.20 and 4.80 ha / h respectively. This can be explained by the presence of a large working width header, a high speed of movement and an axial-flow thresher used on the combine. When harvesting long-stalked soybeans, the length of the header table is of great importance, which determines the reliability of the header auger, the uniformity of the plant mass supply to the combine thresher. As a result of theoretical calculations, it was established that the header table length should be L_ht≥0.81 m. Manufacturers of current headers recommend replacing a serial length table with a table having an extended length when harvesting long-stalked soybeans.
Based on the results of experimental studies of the experimental root crop grinder, the dependence of the cutting force during grinding of root crop on the constructive and regime factors of the grinder was determined: αc - chevron angle, deg., αi - angle of installation of knives in the knife wall, deg., vk.w. – speed of the knife wall, m/s, hw – height of the knife wave, mm in the form of a regression equation. According to this equation, the dependencies of the influence of factors on the value of the cutting force are constructed. As a result of the processing of graphic material, the studied factors are determined at the optimal level: αc = 48...49 deg., αi = 26...27 deg., vk.w. = 0,92...0.94 m/s and hw = 1...2.
A structural-topological model is developed, which is presented in the form of connected graphs of the technological flows of grain and spike. Taking into account this model, the use of the main and additional formal features when searching for a non-optimal working element of a combine harvester is justified. For the reaping part, the search for a non-optimal working element is performed on the main formal basis, which characterizes the implementation of the main component of the principle of harmony of the structure. Due to the presence of common arcs of controlled and uncontrolled flows along simple chains, cuts in which two or more working elements, as well as the presence of circulating flows in the threshing machine of the combine, it is necessary to exclude the influence of circulating flows on the process when searching for a non-optimal working element. The search for a non-optimal working element of the thresher is performed on the basis of an additional formal feature, which is characterized by a decrease in the amount of flow along the controlled flow or an increase in the flow through the uncontrolled flow from the circulation flow.
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