The present article reports results of analysis of carboxylic acids in leaves of Iris species from Ukraine using a gas chromatography (GC) method with mass spectrometric (MS) detection (GC/MS). Carboxylic acids play significant roles in contemporary society as evidenced by multiple applications in fields of medicine, agriculture, pharmacy, food, and other industries. Study of natural plant products as a source of organic acids is of particular interest. Carboxylic acid composition of leaves of Iris hungarica Waldst. & Kit., Iris germanica L., Iris pallida Lam., and Iris variegate L. was studied for the first time applying GC/MS method. The mass spectrums of compounds were matched with NIST and WILEY Libraries. The GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 26 common acids in the plant raw materials studied. The short‐chain carboxylic acids, such as citric (1337.5–12364.4 mg/kg), malic (50.8–4558.0 mg/kg) and oxalic (1199.0–3435.2 mg/kg) acids were contained in significantly high quantity in all samples. Ferulic, p‐coumaric and vanillic acids were the most abundant among phenolic acids. α‐Linolenic acid was dominant in the leaves of I. germanica (869.5 mg/kg), I. pallida (753.3 mg/kg), and I. variegate (250.3 mg/kg) among polyunsaturated fatty acids, however, linoleic acid prevailed in the plant raw material of I. hungarica (1150.7 mg/kg). Since the leaves of Iris species studied contain carboxylic acids with diverse pharmacological activity, extracts of these raw materials are perspective for development food supplements and medicines.
Sprinkle formulations represent an interesting concept of medicinal products aimed at the steadily growing population of patients suffering from swallowing difficulties (dysphagia). In the present work, immediate-release sprinkle MUPS (multiple-unit pellet system) containing rosuvastatin calcium as a model drug substance was successfully developed. The formulation was prepared by drug layering technique using novel calcium phosphate-based starting pellets (PharSQ® Spheres CM) of three different particle sizes. The study showed that the developed multiparticulates were characterized by uniform distribution of coating layers thickness, as well as fast dissolution rate (more than 85% of rosuvastatin calcium dissolved within 30 min, as required by the relevant USP/NF monograph). Rosuvastatin calcium, like other statins, has a bitter, unpleasant taste. Investigations conducted with an electronic tongue suggested that the developed formulation achieved the desired taste-masking efficiency. The effect was found to be particle size-dependent, improving as the size of the multiparticulates increased.
Among the relevant for the modern pharmacy problems, there is a need for the rational complex use of known medicinal plants, as well as the search for new sources of natural biologically active compounds in order to expand the list of official medicinal plants and raw material base. Species of genus Geum L. contain a number of biological active substances and are promising sources of raw materials for the production of antimicrobial, astringent, anti-inflammatory, and hemostatic medicines. Pharmacological activity of these plants results from their multi-component chemical composition, including tannins, flavonoids, macro- and microelements and other compounds. The aim of thе study was to compare the elemental composition of herb and rhizomes with roots of G. urbanum L., G. aleppicum Jacq. and G. rivale L. of Ukrainian flora. The objects of the study were the samples of herb and rhizome with roots of G. urbanum L., G. aleppicum Jacq. and G. rivale L. (dried raw materials) which were collected in the Kharkiv region, Ruski Tishki village, in June-August 2018–2019. The determination of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of elements was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy with atomization in an air-acetylene flame using a spectrometer CAS 120 («Selmi», Sumy, Ukraine). In the studied samples, 19 elements were determined, including 5 macroelements and 14 microelements. The data about accumulation of elements in investigated herb of G. urbanum L., G. aleppicum Jacq., G. rivale L. can be arranged in descending order as follows: K > Ca > Si > Mg > P > Fe > Al > Na > Sr > Zn, and in rhizomes with roots as follows – K > Si > Ca > Mg > Fe > P > Al > Na > Sr > Zn. The content of toxic elements such as cobalt, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury was within the permissible limits for plant raw materials and food. For the first time, a comparative study of the macro- and microelement composition in herb and rhizomes with roots of G. urbanum L., G. aleppicum Jacq. and G. rivale L. has been carried out. Using the method of atomic absorption spectral analysis, 19 elements have been identified and their content has been determined, among which К, Ca, Mg, Si, P, Fe, Al, Na, Mn, Zn predominantly accumulate.
Вивчення елементного складу трави деяких видів сочевиціАктуальність. Рослини є джерелом надходження в організм людини багатьох хімічних елементів, різноманітних за своєю фізіологічною і біологічною роллю з досить високою біодоступністю. Відомості про хімічний склад харчових і лікарських рослин необхідні як для збалансованого харчування людини, так і для профілактики та лікування захворювань, пов'язаних з диселементозами. Визначення вмісту мікроелементів і важких металів у лікарській рослинній сировині і одержуваних з нього препаратів становить інтерес у зв'язку з високою біологічною роллю деяких хімічних елементів для організму людини.Метою роботи було визначення елементного складу трави диких видів сочевиці (Lens): L. orientalis (Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz.), L. odemensis Ladiz., L. tomentosus Ladiz.Матеріали та методи. Для вивчення елементного складу був використаний атомно-емісійний спектрографічний метод. Сировина була надана провідним науковим співробітником Національного центру генетичних ресурсів рослин України Безуглою О. М.Результати та їх обговорення. В досліджуваних зразках визначено 19 елементів, з яких 5 віднесені до макро-і 14 до мікроелементів, серед яких до важких металів відносяться Ni, Cu, Pb. В усіх зразках -найбільший вміст К та Ca. Визначений вміст 14 мікроелементів, серед яких переважають Si, Fe, Zn, Al, Mn. Спостерігається наступна закономірність щодо накопичення елементів у зразках: L. Висновки. У траві трьох видів сочевиці визначено вміст 19 елементів, з яких 5 макро-і 14 мікроелементів. Проаналізувавши отримані результати, можна зробити висновок, що високий вміст та здатність до накопичення елементів у траві трьох видів сочевиці дозволяє вважати її перспективним джерелом біологічно доступних макро-та мікроелементів. Ключові слова: сочевиця (Lens); макро-та мікроелементи; елементний склад S. Romanova, V. Volochai, O. Demeshko, V. Rudenko Study of elemental herb composition of different lentil species Topicality. Plants are the source of many chemical elements for human body including various physiological and biological role and relatively high bioavailability. The information about food and medicinal plants chemical composition is necessary for the balanced human nutrition, prevention and treatment of diseases associated with dysеlementosis. Content determination of trace elements and heavy metals in medicinal plant raw materials and medicines derived from them has the scientific interest due to the high biological role of certain chemical elements for human body. Aim. To determine the elemental herb composition of wild lentils (Lens): L. orientalis (Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz.), L. odemensis Ladiz. and L. tomentosus Ladiz. Materials and methods. For studying the elemental composition atomic emission spectrographic method was used. The raw material was provided by O. M. Bezugla, the leading researcher of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine.Results and discussion. According to the research results 19 elements were identified in studied samples. Five of them were assigned to the mac...
Topicality. For today, the search for promising plants with a high content of anthocyanins to create safe herbal medicines is an urgent problem of modern science. Aim. To study the presence and severity of the cytotoxic activity of the dry extract of Gebu Dahlia variety flowers, the qualitative analysis and quantify the amount of anthocyanins in flowers of this variety. Materials and methods. For the study, the dry extract of Gebu flowers was obtained. The cytotoxicity analysis of 1 %; 0.5 %; 0.25 %; 0.125 %; 0.0625 % solutions of the extract were performed by microscopy on red bone marrow (RBM) cells of rats at an exposure of 15, 45, 90 minutes. The spectrophotometric study and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to assess the quantitative and qualitative content of the amount of anthocyanins. Results and discussion. The results obtained indicate that the viability of RBM cells is affected by the concentration of the extract and exposure: in the concentrations of 0.063-0.125 % no toxic effect of the extract was detected, while 0.25-1 % solutions were able to show cytostatic properties. The content of anthocyanin amount in the flowers was determined (1.8 % ± 0.02); 18 substances were identified, among them substances from the groups of cyanidin (54.7 %) and delphinidin (28 %) predominated. Conclusions. The first stage of testing of the dry extract from Gebu Dahlia variety flowers for potential toxicity has been carried out: the extract is potentially non-toxic in the lowest of the concentrations studied. For the first time, the content of anthocyanins in flowers of Gebu Dahlia variety has been determined, 18 substances from the groups of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidine, peonidine, malvidin have been identified.
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