The physicochemical characteristics of petrol samples are studied. It is established that the fuel purchased at fuel stations corresponds to the standard parameters presented in the EURO standard for unleaded petrol. The presence of saturated hydrocarbons in petrol is determined using concentrated sulfuric acid, which reacts with unsaturated (alkenes, olefins) and aromatic hydrocarbons, without reacting with saturated hydrocarbons. The fractional composition of petrol samples is determined from the distillation temperatures measured by a mercury thermometer included in the automatic oil distillation apparatus ARNS-1E, acidity titration with an alcohol solution of potassium hydroxide gasoline mixtures with 80% ethanol. An acid-base phenolphthalein indicator (pH = 8.0-9.6) is used to indicate an excess of OH−. The density of the fuel samples is measured with oleometers (densimeters), octane numbers (ON) - indicator (Octanometer) OKTAN-IM. The limit of the permissible absolute error of the measurement of ON is ± 2 octane units. It is established that all petrols without exception contain saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. It is shown that of the seven samples studied, two samples have some peculiarities. It is concluded that when controlling the quality of fuel, it is necessary to take into account not only the conformity of the determined value to the parameter of the norm, but also the differences in the values of the indices obtained when testing a series of fuel samples.
Indicated on dynamometric stand LPS 2510 dependences of the engine power and a torque on the crankshaft frequency have been presented in the article. The car VAZ 2123 “Chevrolet Niva” (without catalytic converter) and the engine VAZ 21214 with the mechanical supercharger (compressor) PK-23 have been tested. It is established that configuration of the engine with the compressor has allowed not only to restore the lost power of the motor as a result of extended operation, but also to increase it. It is shown that the content of carbon monoxide and products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases does not exceed standard values of volume fractions of CO and CH. It is established that registered by the indicator of OKTAN values of gasoline are identical to those declared by the manufacturer.
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