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The development of infrastructure, and transport infrastructure in particular, can be attributed to key factors in the economic growth of regions. In conditions of the development of society, the requirements for infrastructure are constantly increasing, which inevitably changes its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, modifying the structures of the infrastructure complex of a specific region. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account both the impact of the social and economic situation in a particular region on the development of infrastructure, and the reverse impact of infrastructure on regional development. In this connection, the transport infrastructure in the article is proposed to be considered as a subsystem of the regional economic system, which establishes institutional links and provides transport services both to the sectors of the regional economy and to the population. The increase in government spending on infrastructure development provides a multiplier effect in the economy. However, in modern conditions, a country may face investment restrictions. Most likely, in the coming years, the share of government spending on infrastructure will decline due to falling incomes first of all when selling energy resources. Obviously, in such conditions it is necessary to change the traditional formsand methods of managing the infrastructure complex, to find new "growth poles". The urgency of improving the spatial organization of the economy is explained by the need to increase the quality of life of the population on the basis of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the regional economy. The use of transport accessibility as a criterion for the development of regions destroys departmental barriers,promotes a combination of sectoral and territorial planning, allows to take into account both the efficiency of the commercial activity of the transport complex itself, its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, and the impact of transport on economic and demographic processes, the standard of living of the population, and territorial economic development.At the same time, one of the problematic aspects of ensuring transport accessibility is its assessment. Since, if there are difficulties with the adequacy of the results of the assessment of existing realities, then decisions to increase it, as well as decisions related to the development of regions, may prove to be erroneous.The article analyzes different approaches to assessing the impact of transport on the social and economic development of regions. Methods for determining the impact of the territorial concentration of the transport infrastructure, taking into account production, social and population factors, are proposed.

Topicality. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the growing dynamics of marine pollution and power and uneven information flows that accompany the pollution process. This requires the creation of an information-analytical system to support decision-making on effective pollution prevention and elimination. And the creation of such a system, in turn, requires research on the theoretical and applied principles of its formation. Aim and tasks. The main purpose of the study is the development of theoretical and applied provisions on the peculiarities of the formation of information and analytical support of the marine environment from pollution and development of system approaches and mathematical apparatus for designing information transmission channels and ensuring efficient Traffic Engineering. Research results. Theoretical and applied bases of formation of information-analytical maintenance of protection of the marine environment from pollution by ships are investigated. Peculiarities of formation, first of all, connected with the existing branched normative-legal base of protection of water area from pollution are revealed. The mechanisms of pollution and their inherent characteristics of information flows are identified, which requires the use of methods Traffic Engineering. Mathematical formalization is proposed for efficient design of information transmission channels and ensuring efficient Traffic Engineering. An approach to assessing the effectiveness of the information transfer process and as the main criterion in Traffic Engineering for ISMP - resource utilization factor. The algorithm before the design check of the bandwidth of the information system routes under the dynamic variant of information processing is formalized. Conclusion. The presented article investigates the theoretical and applied aspects of the formation of a single information and analytical support for the protection of the marine environment, in particular, those features that are due to the existing regulatory framework and existing pollution mechanisms. A mathematical apparatus for designing information transmission channels and ensuring efficient Traffic Engineering. An approach to assessing the effectiveness of the information transfer process and as the main criterion in the method is proposed Traffic Engineering for ISMP - resource utilization factor. The algorithm before the design check of the bandwidth of the information system routes under the dynamic variant of information processing is formalized. All this allows creating the necessary conditions for the formation of a single information and analytical support for the protection of the marine environment.

Ключевые слова: трудовой потенциал, трансакционные издержки, трудовые ресурсы, сокращение издержек, человеческий капитал, управление потенциалом.Трансформация национальной экономики обуславливает необходимость инновационного развития хозяйствующих субъектов, которое невозможно обеспечить без грамотного использования человеческих ресурсов. Именно от их качества и трудового потенциала зависит рост конкурентоспособности и устойчивое экономическое развитие в долгосрочной перспективе. Однако поддержание трудового потенциала на достаточном уровне сопряжено со значительным количеством трансакционных издержек. В данной работе предлагается разработать рекомендации по сокращению таких издержек с целью управления качеством трудового потенциала компании. Новизна работы заключается в проработке существующих исследований по вопросам трансакционных издержек в трудовой среде с целью адаптации их к проблемам качества трудового потенциала. Авторами выявлена зависимость уровня качества трудового потенциала от различных факторов. Также была предложена функциональная модель, на основе которой возможно рассмотреть влияния отдельных видов трансакционных издержек на динамику качества трудового потенциала. Практическая ценность полученных результатов состоит в возможности использования предложенной функциональной модели к конкретным предприятиям и отраслям. Имеется возможность дальнейшего изучения темы с большей конкретизацией факторов и их адаптации к предприятиям, учитывая их отраслевую специфику.

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Topicality. Under the circumstances prevailing in international markets, exacerbated by the effects of anti-pandemic measures, there is a problem of survival and success of enterprises and organizations of national economies. The fact that the shipbuilding industry in Ukraine is in a state of very slow revival imposes additional obligations on decision-makers to find the most acceptable forms, methods and means of preserving and developing the industry. In this context, the study develops conceptual approaches to strengthening the competitive advantages of domestic shipbuilding companies.Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to form conceptual provisions for strengthening the competitiveness of shipbuilding enterprises in Ukraine, by analysing the state and dynamics of shipbuilding enterprises, organizations in the world and in Ukraine, analysing global trends, identifying factors strengthening the competitive position of domestic shipbuilding enterprises and identifying approaches to competitive advantage.Research results. Evaluation of the efficiency of any enterprise in market conditions on the indicators of the level of its competitiveness is the most informative for further management of the development of this enterprise. One of the defining trends in the development of the shipbuilding industry in the world, which is reflected in the activities of domestic shipbuilding companies and forms trends in this area in the coming years, are the restrictions imposed by the effects of the pandemic. Taking into account the current trends, it follows that the bulk of orders can be received by the world's leading shipbuilding centres (see above). There is a question of the level of competitiveness of domestic shipbuilding enterprises in international shipbuilding markets, effective use of their infrastructure, intellectual potential, formation and implementation of strategies to support and develop these areas, development of motivation models to maintain and build existing capacity. The analysis of only 10 of all enterprises and organizations of the shipbuilding industry of Ukraine currently demonstrates the dominant form of doing business, namely in the form of various types of joint stock companies - public, open, closed, which provides certain obligations and possible prospects for using a set of market tools, competitive advantages. Ensuring the required level of competitiveness can be conditioned by the implementation of two main approaches, first, analysis and evaluation of competitors' advantages, which will strengthen their own market position compared to their competitors, and second, analysis and evaluation of consumers, which will allow focusing to meet the needs of consumers and create a positive image of products among customers. The study develops a conceptual scheme of formation of competitive advantages by enterprises and organizations of the shipbuilding industry of Ukraine, formed in four areas - desirable advantages - appropriate strategies - expected results, and measures to effectively coordinate activities and development of shipbuilding through its project management system.Conclusion. Based on the analysis of world and domestic experience of shipbuilding enterprises and organizations, the dynamics of their development, the rationale for the need for certain competitive strategies of targeted action, revealed the mechanism and tools for their implementation, which will strengthen the competitive advantages of shipbuilding enterprises,

Topicality. The lack of understanding of the relationship between the state of the environment and the degree of degradation of urban agglomerations leads to an increase in socially necessary costs for the protection, use and restoration of the natural environment and compensation costs in support and quality of the environment, gradual decrease in the quality and quantity of natural assets, the aggravation of developmental problems cities as ecosystems of human life. At the same time, the growth of the economy leads to an increase in environmental pollution. This fact is confirmed by statistical data. Therefore, choosing a sustainable path of development, it is necessary to focus on mechanisms that will contribute to transforming the structure of the economy in such a way that its further development does not endanger the environment and does not diminish the quality of life of the citizens of this country. In this sense, it is advisable to form a new innovation paradigm of the "green economy" in the direction of meeting the objectives set by the goals of sustainable development.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the paper is to identify and substantiate the prerequisites for the formation of an innovation paradigm of the "green economy", the onset of which should ensure the ecologization of urban transport in the system of its sustainable development.Research results. The reasons, which are substantiated in the article, are proposed to be solved only by a holistic, global approach. Since qualitative transformations can not do without significant financial resources, the volumes of which are constantly reduced due to the influence of external factors, which also affects the developed countries of the world, the mechanisms that will enable them to get the desired result with minimal investment resources are the foreground. The article emphasizes the creation of acceptable conditions, or at least a departure from the policy of only administrative prohibitions, global control of everything and non-obstruction of the evolutionary development of events within the line of the framework conditions.Conclusions. The article proposes a substantiated list of basic mechanisms that should be the basis for the operation and development of various urban transport systems. Emphasis is placed on the need for innovative development of transport, which is also expressed in the form of programs and strategies, which are supported by tax, subsidiary, legislative, legal and other preferences. The leading directions of this development are identified, summarized in the form of a list of priority and determinative actions.

The processes taking place in the market of freight transportation, the possibility of their consideration when constructing supply chains have been analyzed in the article. Proposed levels of commodity flows management, recognized reasons for the implementation of the transport process. The model of the regulation of cargoes movement in all sections of the supply chain and the rationalization of the transport work distribution within at the time between the objects of this chain have been formed. It�s justified the way of transport process optimization as it cheking feature. The main goal of the model it�s reasonable to consider a quantitative assessment of the transportation asemmetry effect on the magnitude of transportation expenditures. Taking into account the existence of enterprises in various organizational and legal forms of activity, different ownership forms, complicated by the constant restriction of additional resources, financial risks, the imbalance of legislative and legal mechanisms of the transport facilities operation, and many other reasons, an approach was proposed for combining the process of goods delivery from producer to customer subjected to the existence of a single regulating and controlling entity. The methodological approach will enable promptly, qualitatively, and at minimum losses to fulfill an obligations on the goods transportation and, if necessary, taking into account available resources, constraints and conditions, to ensure the adjustment of the supply process in the most appropriate manner. The proposals of taking into account some kind of transportation market asymmetry under the generation of updating means and its impact alignment onto the decision-making of the optimal structure of traffic flows are adduced in the article.