The pharmacokinetics of mangiferin (the main component of the drug 'Alpizarin') was studied by HPLC in rats after intravenous injection of the drug in a single dose of 0.3, 1, 3, 10 and 30mg/kg and after its oral administration in a single dose of 50-500 mg/kg. It was shown that the mangiferin pharmacokinetics for the above dose levels was nonlinear, and within each dose could be described by a two-compartmental model. Its nonlinearity might be associated with saturated binding and metabolism of the compound.
The pharmacokinetics of dihydroquercetin (DHQ) was studied by HPLC in rats after intravenous injection of the compound in single doses of 1,3, 10 and 30 mglkg and after oral administration in single doses of 50 and 500 mpl kg. Nonlinear pharmacokinetic behaviour was demonstrated for DHQ when administered intravenously to rats; after oral administration DHQ can be detected in blood plasma only in trace amounts. Model independent parameters for intravenous administration of DHQ were calculated, and the description of the dynamics of the change in concentration of DHQ as a two-compartmental model were given for blood plasma.
For more than 150 years, all biological theories, including those of C. Darwin and Mendel, were based on the idea of synchronous evolution. They fit for unitary monomodal systems (asexual, symmetrical) but do not work for binary (dioecious, asymmetrical) ones. Examples of such binary conjugated differentiations are two sexes, DNA-proteins, autosomes-sex chromosomes, right and left brain hemispheres, and hands. For their understanding, "asynchronous" theories are needed. Such theories were proposed by Russian theoretical biologist Vigen A. Geodakyan for sexual, brain and body, and chromosomal differentiations. All theories are interconnected and are based on the principle of conjugated subsystems. This article covers the basic tenets of the evolutionary theory of asymmetry and answers the following questions: What benefits does lateralization provide? What logic, what principle is it based on? Why do brain hemispheres control the opposite sides of the body? Why laterality is closely related to sex? What are the biological prerequisites of terrorism?
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