Liderlik, işletmelerin amaçlarını gerçekleştirmek için oldukça önemlidir. Liderlerin sergiledikleri davranışlar çalışanlar üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Bu etkilerden en önemlilerinden birisi de çalışanların tükenmişlik düzeyleri üzerinde olmaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalarda, genellikle liderliğin olumlu türleri ele alınmış ve liderlik tarzıyla çalışanların tükenmişlik düzeyi arasında güçlü ilişkilerin olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu araştırma da ise, olumsuz etkilere sebep olan Toksik Liderlik ile Tükenmişlik arasındaki ilişki ele alınmaktadır. Araştırmaya Denizli ilinde faaliyet gösteren üç tekstil firmasında çalışan 241 mavi yakalı çalışan dâhil edilmiştir. Toplanan veriler, SPSS ve Lisrel paket programlarıyla yapısal eşitlik modeline göre test edilmiştir. Toksik liderliğin doğrudan davranış tarzıyla ilgili olduğu değerlendirilen kötü davranan lider ve otokratik liderlik boyutu ile tükenmişlik algıları arasında ilişki bulunmuştur. Buna göre, çalışanların liderlerinin kötü davrandığını ve otokratik tarzda yönetim sergilediğini yüksek düzeyde algılamaları durumunda tükenmişlik düzeyleri de yükselmektedir. Kişilik özelliği olarak değerlendirilebilecek diğer toksik liderlik boyutları ile çalışanların tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasında ilişki bulunamamıştır.
Anti‐invasive effects of riluzole and ranolazine, a neuro‐protectant and an anti‐anginal drug, respectively, on Mat‐LyLu rat prostate cancer (PCa) cells were tested in vitro (a) at non‐toxic doses and (b) under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, the latter common to growing tumours. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was used as a positive control. Hypoxia had no effect on cell viability but reduced growth at 48 hours. Riluzole (5 μmol/L) or ranolazine (20 μmol/L) had no effect on cell viability or growth under normoxia or hypoxia over 24 hours. Matrigel invasion was not affected by hypoxia but inhibited by TTX, ranolazine and riluzole under a range of conditions. The expression of Nav1.7 mRNA, the prevailing, pro‐invasive voltage‐gated sodium channel α‐subunit (VGSCα), was up‐regulated by hypoxia. Riluzole had no effect on Nav1.7 mRNA expression in normoxia but significantly reduced it in hypoxia. VGSCα protein expression in plasma membrane was reduced in hypoxia; riluzole increased it but only under hypoxia. It was concluded (a) that riluzole and ranolazine have anti‐invasive effects on rat PCa cells and (b) that Nav1.7 mRNA and protein expression can be modulated by riluzole under hypoxia. Overall, therefore, riluzole and ranolazine may ultimately be “repurposed” as anti‐metastatic drugs against PCa.
women of the Asian region. Irinotecan is used as a first-and second-line regimen for metastatic colorectal, small cell lung and some other cancer types. The objective of this study was to develop Irinotecan nanoparticles (NPs) using folate-chitosan conjugate (FCC) for more effective delivery of Irinotecan on breast cancer cells. Methods: In this study, we synthesized the FCC system using carbodiimide synthesis. Irinotecan loaded FCC NPs were synthesized by ionic cross-linking with sodium tripolyphosphate. The effect of several variables on the NPs' characteristics was assessed, including the amount of drug and FCC ratio. The entrapment efficiency and the particle size distribution of irinotecan were optimized by changing these variables. The cytotoxicity of the particles was evaluated by cell viability assay (MTT assay) using breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Results: NPs were spherical with a comparatively mono-dispersed size distribution (average size 93 nm) and negative zeta potential. Selected optimized formulation (F9) showed a suitable size distribution (105 nm) with relatively high drug entrapment (>75%). MTT assay showed a stronger cytotoxicity of F9 against MCF-7 cancer cells than control NPs and irinotecan free drug. Since breast cancer cells express folate receptors on their surface, these irinotecan loaded folic acid-Chitosan conjugated NPs could be used for targeted delivery against metastatic breast cancer with some modifications. Conclusions: Our study findings demonstrated that the designed NPs show suitable characteristic and also great potential for further in vivo cancer evaluation.Legal entity responsible for the study: N/A Funding: None Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
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