South American tomato leaf miner, (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an important invasive pest of Tomato which invaded India and Nepal in 2014 and 2016, respectively. In the present study, samples from five localities of India and one from Nepal were used for the investigation of genetic diversity of by employing a fragment in the mtDNA gene-encoding cytochrome oxidase I (COI). Based on the partial COI gene, high genetic homogeneity was detected in populations of India and Nepal with rest of the world. Less nucleotide diversity ( 0.00137) was also detected in the populations of from different countries. This is first attempt to analyze molecular data for this new invasive species from India and Nepal.
A predatory relationship between the nudibranch belonging to the Family Aeolidiidae, Aeolidiopsis sp. and a zoanthid-Palythoa mutuki was recorded from coastal waters of Veraval, Gujarat, India. This is the first record of nudibranch predation on Zoantharians along Indian waters. The Aeolidiopsis sp. of nudibranch was found alive, attached and feeding on the colonies of P. mutuki in coastal waters. Observations in controlled environment also revealed metabolic dependence of the nudibranch on the host. The nudibranch was seen completing its life cycle in the host, as its eggs were observed, laid in concentric ring pattern and the presence of the juveniles. These observations and the existing knowledge of them harbouring zooxanthellae make the Aeolidiopsis sp. to be categorised as a facultative ectoparasite instead of a predator.
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