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Vegetable oils have been investigated to replace petroleum lubricants due to their environmental-friendly characteristics and have become a vital source of bio-lubricants. In the investigation of the tribological characteristics of palm oil as the vegetable oil, using in its neat form or as partial bio-lubricants, a reciprocating machine was employed. Initially, refined, bleached and deodorised (RBD) palm olein with mineral oil blends were optimised using the design of experiments procedure from the outcomes of the four ball tribotester. The optimised blend was found to have characteristics that were better or at par with mineral oil. Then, a reciprocating machine was used for verifying the blend. In the investigation of the optimised blend, the sample was tested for a total of 60 hr in intermittent operation. Other than having similar viscosity for the ISO requirements, the optimised blend demonstrates decreased in the values of material weight loss and cylinder temperatures as compared with mineral oil. Finally, it is concluded that the RBD palm olein blend (E53.11/RB46.89) could be a potential partial bio-lubricant due to having no negative impact on wear and decent performance as a bio-lubricator.

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The wide use of petroleum-based oils raises concerns with regard to pollution, and the rising of awareness of greenhouse gases has created a demand for the use of environmentally friendly and biodegradable lubricants for industrial applications. Vegetable oils are one of the bio-oils that have been promoted as a replacement for petroleum products, in part due to their environmentally friendly characteristics; they are nontoxic, biodegradable, and easy to dispose of. Many researchers have performed studies on sunflower oil, corn oil, and soy oil, but few have studied palm oil as a lubricant. Palm oil produced in a high-throughput manner could fulfill the demand for biobased lubricants. In this study, the influence of temperature on friction and wear performance for refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) palm stearin and additive-free paraffinic mineral oil is presented. The experiments were conducted using a four-ball tribotester. Test temperatures of 55, 65, 75, and 85 • C were used. The sliding speeds were set to 1,200 rpm. Experiments were run for 1 h under a 392.4 N load. The results of RBD palm stearin were compared with those of paraffinic mineral oil. The experimental results showed that the RBD palm stearin had better performance compared to paraffinic mineral oil in terms of reducing frictional constraints.

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