Peri-operative SARS-CoV-2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS-CoV-2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30-day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Adjusted 30-day mortality in patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4-1.5). In patients with a pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery within 0-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks and 5-6 weeks of the diagnosis (odds ratio (95%CI) 4.1 (3.3-4.8), 3.9 (2.6-5.1) and 3.6 (2.0-5.2), respectively). Surgery performed ≥ 7 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was associated with a similar mortality risk to baseline (odds ratio (95%CI) 1.5 (0.9-2.1)). After a ≥ 7 week delay in undertaking surgery following SARS-CoV-2 infection, patients with ongoing symptoms had a higher mortality than patients whose symptoms had resolved or who had been asymptomatic (6.0% (95%CI 3.2-8.7) vs. 2.4% (95%CI 1.4-3.4) vs. 1.3% (95%CI 0.6-2.0), respectively). Where possible, surgery should be delayed for at least 7 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with ongoing symptoms ≥ 7 weeks from diagnosis may benefit from further delay.

SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri-operative or prior SARS-CoV-2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub-study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was defined as peri-operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1-6 weeks before surgery); previous (≥7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre-operative anti-coagulation for baseline comorbidities was not available. Postoperative venous thromboembolism rate was 0.5% (666/123,591) in patients without SARS-CoV-2; 2.2% (50/2317) in patients with peri-operative SARS-CoV-2; 1.6% (15/953) in patients with recent SARS-CoV-2; and 1.0% (11/1148) in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2. After adjustment for confounding factors, patients with peri-operative (adjusted odds ratio 1.5 (95%CI 1.1-2.0)) and recent SARS-CoV-2 (1.9 (95%CI 1.2-3.3)) remained at higher risk of venous thromboembolism, with a borderline finding in previous SARS-CoV-2 (1.7 (95%CI 0.9-3.0)). Overall, venous thromboembolism was independently associated with 30-day mortality ). In patients with SARS-CoV-2, mortality without venous thromboembolism was 7.4% (319/4342) and with venous thromboembolism was 40.8% (31/76). Patients undergoing surgery with peri-operative or recent SARS-CoV-2 appear to be at increased risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism compared with patients with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Optimal venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment are unknown in this cohort of patients, and these data should be interpreted accordingly.

Education is the process, whereas an actual human mind will be evolved into a mature mind. Education is a tool to impart knowledge about known and unknown things. It will make a human brain to understand the know things deeper way and unknown things better way. As days are inherited, the ways of education are also transferring according to the need of an hour. The COVID-19 situation made all the educational institutions going in line with virtual classes and the online education system from the physical environment. The technological evolution is not new to the Indian education system, but getting exposed to often and getting adopted towards the pandemic situation could be vulnerable among education professionals. Before any changes occur, preparing for the situation needs transition space to get adopt and getting used to it. But the pandemic situation allowed the transition and breeding time to adapt towards the technological culture. This has a higher impact on online educators. This research highlights the impact intensity among education professionals who are teaching online affects their Psychological well-being and providing suggestions to cope with the technological culture and psychological well-being.

Summary The current pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has quickly emerged as a global health concern with government bodies worldwide taking drastic control measures. Understanding the virology of SARS‐CoV‐2, its molecular mechanisms, and its pathogenesis are required for a targeted therapeutic approach. In this review, we highlight the current molecular and drug advances that target SARS‐CoV‐2 at the genome level. We also summarize studies that therapeutically target the host angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 and proteases. Finally, we summarize antibody‐mediated therapeutic approaches, as well as recent trends in vaccine development. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate different molecular targets in SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis and their usefulness in developing strategies for drug development.

Cytomegalovirus infection(CMV) has become the most common problems around the globe that infects all the people of all ages. Once the CMV is in the human body it stays for there for life and can reactivate. There are no symptoms or signs those who have got affected. CMV can cause serious hazards for the people who have weak immune system and unborn babies(Congenital cytomegalovirus). CMV is a common viral infection, especially among young children. Congenital CMV occurs when the infection is passed across the placenta from a pregnant woman to her developing baby. This can happen when a pregnant woman is infected with CMV for the first time, or is infected with CMV again during pregnancy Some babies with congenital CMV infection show signs of disability at birth, while others are born healthy. Some babies with signs of congenital CMV infection at birth may have long-term health problems. This paper reveals the review of the importance of congenital CMV virus among the common people.