Objective: To evaluate the most common class of antimicrobial agents used in surgical prophylaxis. To evaluate the timing, dosage, route and duration of use of antimicrobial agents in surgical prophylaxis.
Methods:The study subjects were 214 patients who underwent general surgical procedures at Vinayaka Missions Kirupananda Variyar Medical College from July 2013 to June 2014. The use of antimicrobial agents was noted from the first dose of antibiotic given before the induction of anaesthesia. After surgery was completed the duration of antibiotic in the post-operative ward was noted.Results: Majority of the patients were males of age group 50-60 y and the most common surgical procedure was hernioplasty. Combination therapy with two antimicrobial agents was more preferred regimen 126 (58.9%). Among the antimicrobial agent's cefotaxime 114 (24.8%) was the most commonly prescribed drug and it was followed by metronidazole 121 (21.9%). ceftriaxone 60 (13.1%) was the third most commonly prescribed antimicrobial agent. The mean duration of prescription of antimicrobial agents in the present study was 4.78 d and the mean cost of drug treatment was 787.54 rupees. The cost-effective regimen was that of aminoglycosides and imidazole.
Conclusion:The choice of antimicrobial agent was based on the local prevalence pattern of microorganisms. The intravenous administration of antibiotic prophylaxis immediately before or after the induction of anaesthesia is the most reliable method for ensuring effective serum concentration at the time of surgery. The antimicrobial agent chosen must cover all the most likely contaminating organisms.
Background: Drug utilization is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the marketing, distribution, prescription, and use of drugs in society, with special emphasis on the resulting medical, social, and economic consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of prescription and then drug utilization in outpatient (OPD) of the Department of Otolaryngology in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the A.C.S. medical college and hospital, Chennai for a period of 7 months. All the patients who attended the Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) OPD were included. The total number who attended the OPD was 10,249 which include 6,956 new cases and 3313 old cases. Results: The antibacterials commonly used were β Lactams (56%), macrolides (14%), fluoroquinolones (12%), aminoglycosides (8%). Among the penicillin group, the commonest drug prescribed was a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (27%), in cephalosporins was cefixime + clavulanic acid (19%). Aminoglycosides include gentamycin in refractory cases. Fluoroquinolones include ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Others Drugs like antihistamines and mucolytics were prescribed in 27%, anti- ulcer drugs in 36% cases, analgesics in 33% cases and herbal medicines in 4%. The average number of drugs used in each prescription was 3.20. All the drugs were prescribed with brand names. The average cost per prescription per day for OPD patients is 37 Rupees. Conclusions: β Lactams were commonly used antibacterials in the otorhinolaryngology department. [Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol 2013; 2(3.000): 306-310
A HPLC method has been developed for determination of gliquidone in rat plasma. The assay involves combined extraction and precipitation with 1:1 methanol‐acetonitrile, and separation of the analyte on a Shimpack ODS (C18) column with 75:25 (v/v) acetonitrile‐0.1 M acetic acid as mobile phase. Detection at 229 nm was by photodiode‐array detection. The assay was validated in accordance with international requirements and found to be specific, accurate and precise with a linearity range from 50 ng mL−1 to 10μg mL−1. The method was suitable for conducting pharmacokinetic studies in rats.
Scrub typhus also known as 'Tsutsugamushi disease' is a mite borne bacterial infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Usually the symptoms are mild and the clinical course is uneventful. However, some patients may experience severe fatal events involving multi organ system. We report a 23 year old patient, admitted with fever, skin lesion and unconsciousness and was diagnosed to have scrub typhus with multiorgan dysfunction and hypoalbuminemia resulting in fatal outcome. The aim of this case report is to reemphasize that hypoalbuminemia with multi organ dysfunction could lead to fatal outcome in scrub typhus.
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