Optimization of the ion source head position of the DECY-13 Cyclotron in the central region has been carried out based on simulation process using a particle tracking program written in Scilab 5.2.1. The simulated particle was the H -ion that was accelerated in DECY-13 Cyclotron. The input for the program were the magnetic field and the electric field in the central region that were calculated by Opera-3D software package and TOSCA module. The optimized position of ion source head position is in a radius of 2 cm relative to the zero point of the magnet and at a distance of 4 mm relative to the puller. This result can be useful for determining the configuration of the parts in the central region when it is tested for generating the first ion beam in the future.
A Penning-type ion source for a cyclotron producing PET radioisotopes has been made. To determine the performance of the ion source for further developments, an investigation on the operating parameters has been conducted. The investigation was carried out by experiments on an ion source test device. The investigated operating parameters were the puller voltage, the magnetic field, the hydrogen gas flow rate, and the cathode current. The results showed that the puller voltage was the most sensitive parameter to change ion beam current, and at a voltage of 8 kV an ion beam current of 35 µA was obtained. The puller voltage is still likely to be raised if the current beam is to be increased. Increasing the magnetic field beyond approximately 450 gauss caused the ion beam to saturate. It was obtained that a moderate range of gas flow rate on the value of 5-10 cc/min, producing a high beam current with no significant effect to decrease a vacuum level. Cathode current magnitudes of up to 1 mA significantly affect the beam current, while above this value the beam current tends to be constant.
The DECY-13 cyclotron is expected to produce a maximum energy of protons beam of 13 MeV. For testing the proton energy, a device for measuring photon energy using a stacked copper foil activation technique is currently being constructed. The activation caused the collision of a proton with copper foils and reactions of 63Cu(p,n)63Zn and 65Cu(p,n)65Zn have happened. These nuclear reactions produce neutron and gamma radiations; therefore, a study of radiation safety aspects is required to protect the hazard in the experiment of proton energy measurement. The study consists of designing for shielding construction based on radiation safety criteria and mainly determining the thickness of the shielding. The shielding material was portland cement concrete of K500 with a density of 2.3 gr/cm3. By setting a safe maximum dose rate of 50 mSv/year in the position of 350 cm from the neutron radiation source and the proton beam current was taken 1 μA, the required minimum thickness of concrete shielding was 110 cm.
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