To understand the implications of the electronegativity equalization principle, the maximum hardness principle, the minimum polarizability principle, and the maximum entropy principle in a time dependent situation, a charge transfer process from a Be atom to an α-particle is studied within a quantum fluid density functional framework. It is observed that in general a system tries to evolve to a state associated with maximum hardness, maximum entropy, and minimum polarizability values.

A quantum fluid density functional approach is adopted to study the time evolution of various reactivity parameters such as electronegativity, hardness, polarizability, and entropy associated with a collision process between a proton and a Be atom in its ground and excited electronic states. This collision process may be considered to be a model mimicking the actual chemical reaction between a Be atom and a proton to give rise to a BeH+ molecule. A favorable dynamical process involving a ground or an excited state is characterized by maximum hardness, minimum polarizability, and maximum entropy values.

Strain Sd/3T (=MTCC 4374T=DSM 15820T), an arsenic-resistant bacterium, was isolated from a sand sample obtained from an arsenic-contaminated aquifer in Chakdah district in West Bengal, India (23° 3′ N 88° 35′ E). The bacterium was Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, endospore-forming and yellowish-orange pigmented. It possessed all the characteristics that conform to the genus Bacillus, such as it had A4 β murein type (l-orn-d-Asp) peptidoglycan variant, MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. Based on its chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain Sd/3T was identified as a species of the genus Bacillus. It exhibited maximum similarity (95 %) at the 16S rRNA gene level with Bacillus cohnii; however, DNA–DNA similarity with B. cohnii was 60·7 %. Strain Sd/3T also exhibited a number of phenotypic differences from B. cohnii (DSM 6307T). These data suggest that Sd/3T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus. The name Bacillus indicus sp. nov. is proposed.

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The possible signature of chaos in Rydberg atoms has been studied in terms of the dynamic profiles of the chemical hardness (η), polarizability (α), and uncertainty product (V ps). A hydrogen atom in the electronic ground state (n = 1) and in an excited electronic state (n = 15) behaves differently when placed in both one- and two-color laser pulses. Temporal evolution of η, α, and V ps for these two cases (n = 1 and n = 15) show marked differences. It appears that a larger V ps and a smaller η value signal a chaotic behavior.

Two parallel belts of late Mesozoic ophiolitic rocks occur along the outer arc ridge and inner volcanic line of the Indonesian arc system. The northernmost occurrence along the outer arc ridge is in the Andaman group of islands where ophiolitic rocks occur as dismembered slices emplaced over Eocene to Oligocene turbidites.Volcanic members of the ophiolitic suite occur in two thrust slices, one consisting only of pillow basalts while the other is made up of basalts, basaltic andesites and acid differentiates. Certain chemical characters of the basaltic components are comparable to MAR basalts at 45" N. On the basis of comparable REE patterns and the presence of appreciable volumes of acid differentiates, they are further suggested to represent marginal basin crust. Variable (La/Ce), and (La/Sm), ratios in these basalts are interpreted in terms of a heterogeneous source.The basaltic melts have undergone extensive fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene, olivine and plagioclase to produce basaltic andesite and acid volcanic rocks. Between the parent and the differentiates, there is no appreciable change in (Ce/Yb), ratio or HREE abundance level, suggesting low pressure fractionation in a shallow magma chamber, possibly beneath a slow spreading centre.

Strain Con a/3T is a Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and arsenic-resistant bacterium, which was isolated from a concretion of arsenic ore obtained from a bore-hole. The bacterium grew in the presence of 20 mM arsenate and 0·5 mM arsenite. Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan, MK-7 was the major menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1(δ7cis) were the major fatty acids. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain Con a/3T was identified as a member of the genus Bacillus. It exhibited maximum similarity (97 %) at the 16S rRNA gene level with Bacillus barbaricus (DSM 14730T); however, the DNA–DNA relatedness value with B. barbaricus was 60 %. Strain Con a/3T also exhibited a number of phenotypic differences from B. barbaricus (DSM 14730T). Strain Con a/3T was therefore identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus arsenicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Con a/3T (=MTCC 4380T=DSM 15822T=JCM 12167T).

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