Relevance. During the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), one of the most vulnerable and actively involved in the epidemic process categories of the population were medical workers. The study of the incidence of COVID-19 among medical workers, risk factors for infection and safety measures is an important area of research in modern conditions. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 among employees of medical organizations and occupational risk factors for infection in order to develop proposals for corrective measures. Materials and methods. To study the incidence of COVID-19 among employees of medical organizations, an anonymous online questionnaire developed by the authors was used, which was posted on the Google platform and distributed during the first wave of the pandemic among employees of medical organizations in several regions of the Russian Federation through corporate e-mail or specialized online resources adapted for health workers. The survey involved 1,872 medical workers of different genders, ages, positions and work experience. Results and discussion. Among the survey participants, 161 employees have already had a new coronavirus infection. In the majority (64.0%) of them, the disease occurred in the form of acute respiratory infection, in 28.6% - interstitial pneumonia, in 7.4% only the fact of isolation of the SARSCoV-2 antigen without clinical manifestations of infection was documented. The most affected contingents were secondary and junior medical personnel, mainly hospital staff. The likelihood of infection in the workplace was increased by factors such as providing care to patients with confirmed COVID-19, participating in procedures related to aerosol generation, working with biomaterials of patients with COVID-19, contact with surfaces in the environment of a COVID-19 patient, ignorance of infectious safety issues due to lack of instruction before admission to work. When assessing the efficiency of personal protective equipment (PPE) when they are used in the process, it was found that the highest value for the prevention of infection COVID-19 had a PPE for face protection, respiratory and eye, and hand hygiene. At the same time, many employees are faced with the problem of an insufficient number of protective equipment in the workplace. When assessing the availability of SARS-CoV-2 testing to employees, it was found that only 77.4% of survey participants had the opportunity to be tested for coronavirus infection in a timely manner. Conclusion. Thus, for more effective protection of employees of medical organizations, it is necessary to have a sufficient number of personal protective equipment, especially for the face, respiratory organs and vision, the availability of hygienic hand treatment during work, regular instruction on infectious safety, using interactive forms of training, and the organization of screening examinations of previously unvaccinated and unvaccinated employees.
Influenza A virus and secondary bacterial infection may have remote effects in the form of cardiovascular complications or fibrosis in different organs. However, the mechanisms governing the development of complications remain poorly studied. The present work reports the comparative assessment of the functional changes which take place in human ECV-304 endothelial cell sublines obtained previously by the longterm culturing of cells after exposure to varying infectious doses (IDs) of influenza A virus, and/or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It has been demonstrated that, in the course of long-term culturing (six passages) after exposure to pathogenic agents (influenza virus and/or LPS), endothelial cells maintain changes in their migratory activity, permeability, and expression of mRNA for cytokines TNFα and TGFβ (along with the changes in their proliferation activity, which has been demonstrated earlier). The pattern of changes depended on the type of the agent (agents) to which the cells were exposed. The differences in migratory activity (which was at its maximum 4 h after wounding) between the cell sublines at the sixth passage correlated with the differences in their proliferation activity at the first passage (proliferation data were obtained previously). In particular, an increase in migration and proliferation was observed in the sublines exposed to low virus doses (ECV-1ID), as well as exposed to LPS (ECV-LPS), while the suppression of migration and proliferation was observed in the subline exposed to high virus doses (ECV-1000ID). In the ECV-1ID, ECV-LPS, and most notably in ECV-1ID + LPS sublines, we detected an increase in the expression of mRNA for cytokines TNFα and TGFβ, which, however, didn't lead to the induction of apoptosis. We have also demonstrated an increase in cell permeability in the analyzed sublines, which was indicated by a decrease in the expression of the mRNAs for the genes encoding occludin and ZO-1, the tight junctions proteins. This paper also reports an evaluation of the effects of the antiviral preparations rimantadine and alpisarin on the functional state of cell sublines. As a result, it has been demonstrated that these drugs may be able to prevent the development of the pathological changes caused by influenza A virus and/or LPS in endothelial cells. The results obtained in the present work may be of use when studying the mechanisms of development of the influenza A virus and secondary bacterial infection complications.
Relevance In the context of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic, research on the formation of an immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with various clinical forms of this infection is of particular relevance, which is important for understanding the degree of their participation in the formation of population immunity and assessing individual immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the future. Aim of the study was to analyze the timing of the formation of specific antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the duration of their preservation in patients with a new coronavirus infection. Materials and methods. The timing of the formation of specific antibodies of three classes (IgA, IgM and IgG) to SARS-CoV-2 in 218 patients was evaluated in the first days of the disease. Subsequently, they were re-examined at various times from the onset of the disease, from one to four times (a total of 321 control points). To assess the duration of preservation of antibodies to COVID-19 in patients who were ill, a prospective study was organized, in which 368 people participated. Screening for specific class G antibodies was performed every 2–4 weeks, within one to eight months of the onset of clinical manifestations of COVID-19. In total 919 control points. The antibodies were examined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using the SARS-CoV-2IgM-ELISA-BEST and SARS-CoV-2-IgG-ELISA-BEST test systems (manufactured by VECTOR-BEST JSC) and Antigma A (manufactured by Generium). Results. In most of the examined individuals, class M and G antibodies began to form from day 10 of the disease, while class A antibodies were detected from day 5. In mild and asymptomatic forms of coronavirus infection, IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were not formed in most cases, and seroprotection levels correlated with the severity of the disease. The duration of preservation of IgG antibodies could be at least 8 months, but there were isolated cases of their elimination both after COVID-19 in the form of respiratory infection and after interstitial pneumonia. With continuing problems with COVID-19, there were no cases of recurrent disease among individuals who formed G-antibodies (including those who lost them 4-5 months after the disease) during the follow-up period. Conclusion. Thus, according to the results of the study, important materials were obtained on the peculiarities of the formation of a humoral immune response to a new coronavirus infection. However, to fully understand the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to assess the avidity of IgG antibodies or their ability to neutralizing the virus, as well as to study cellular immunity in patients who have had COVID-19 but have not formed antibodies.
Purulent-septic infections (PSI) of puerperas are one of the leading medical and social problems of modern health care. A significant prevalence, an upward trend, insufficient completeness of their identification and registration, along with a high degree of obstetric aggression — these are the modern features of this group of infections.To study the prevalence of PSI in the postpartum period (sepsis, peritonitis, endometritis, mastitis, and surgical site infections), identify risk factors, and assess the effectiveness of epidemiological surveillance of these infections, the analysis of publications on this topic has been carried out on several information resources: eLibrary, Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI .Postpartum endometritis was found to be the most common form of PSI in puerperas, accounting for 3 to 20% PSI cases, and up to 40.0–54.3% among patients with postpartum inflammatory complications.Surgical intervention is one of the leading risk factors for the development of PSI after childbirth. For example, a cesarean section increases the risk of PSI by 5–20%.The systems of epidemiological surveillance for PSI of puerperas in different countries differ in the approach both to identifying, recording and registering cases, and to collecting information about the place and time of their highest risk.PSI of puerperas is a dynamically changing interdisciplinary problem at the intersection of obstetrics, gynecology and epidemiology. Despite the data on the prevalence of certain nosologies and their risk factors, there are a number of issues that can be discussed and need to be addressed.
The newsletter presents an analysis of data on the organization of disinfection and sterilization measures in medical organizations of the Ural and Siberian Federal districts based on data from the Federal Statistical Observation Form № 27 "Information on disinfection activities" for 2021. A number of indicators are presented in dynamics over 7 years and in comparison with indicators for the Russian Federation. The newsletter is intended for employees of Rospotrebnadzor bodies and organizations, medical organizations, educational organizations, executive authorities in the field of healthcare and other interested persons.
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