The effectiveness of sapropel as an organic fertilizer is revealed. It was compared with the traditional organic and mineral fertilizers. So, the most noticeable softening of the soil compared to the control variant was after application of sapropel. During the study, application of sapropel maximally increased the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil from 2.8 to 4.1 mg/kg, exceeding the indicator of ammonium nitrate by 48.8% and manure by 36.6%. Sapropel increases the content of mobile forms of potassium in the soil over an average of 2 years from 306 to 316 mg/kg, while the content of mobile phosphorus is minimal - 20.3 mg/kg. The highest yield of spring wheat was in the variant the variant after application of ammonium nitrate in a dose of N60 (1.64 t/ha) and sapropel in a dose of 6 t ha (1.57 t/ha).
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the high-protein spring barley variety (Hordeum vulgare L.) ‘Granik’ in the conditions of the left bank of the Saratov region. The study was carried out on the basis of the Krasnokutsk breeding experimental station, located in the Saratov region, Krasnokutsk district, the village of Semennoy on chestnut soils (coordinates of the experimental plot is 50.914007, 47.068303). The years of 2013, 2014 and 2020 (from 8 years of studying the new variety in the competitive variety testing (CVT)) were average humid; the years of 2016 and 2017 were wet; the years of 2015, 2018 and 2019 were acutely arid. There was established a significant advantage of the new variety over the standard variety ‘Nutans 553’ according to productivity on 0.25 t/ha (+11.0%) on average; according to 1000-grain weight on 2.4 g (+6.0%); according to grain number per 1 m2 on 270 grains (5.0%). The variety ‘Granik’ was distinguished by a higher straw (69.3 cm, which was 4.0 cm higher than that of the standard variety), by better resistance to lodging and to dust brand. Under artificial inoculation with spores of the local population of dust brand, the greatest damage to the variety was 9.9%, while the standard variety was 23.1%. There were no significant differences between the varieties according to ‘length of vegetation period’ (70–74 days), nutritional and energy value. There has been found that both varieties were characterized by a high protein percentage (15.6–15.9%). Since 2019, the variety ‘Granik’ has been introduced into the List of the State Register of the Russian Federation for the 8th (Lower Volga) region. In 2020 the variety was tested in production conditions at the Arkadak agricultural experimental station on an area of 50 hectares, where it produced 3.30 t/ha against the background of the variety ‘Yak 401’, which produced 2.60 t/ha on the same area.
Резюме. Цель: выявить степень влияния морфологической неоднородности территории на экологическое состояние агроландшафта. Методы. Исследования проводилась на территории площадью 608,5 га и коэффициентом горизонтальной расчленённости 8,36 км/км 2 . Для проведения наблюдений использовали рассредоточенные тестовые площадки размером 10 м 2 . На каждом типе фаций тестовые площадки закладывались на пашне в трехкратной повторности. Использовались стандартные методы исследований с применением ГИС. Были оцифрованы существующие тематические карты местности и создана цифровая модель рельефа на основе топографической съемки местности. Вычисления и визуализация данных произведены с помощью и на базе программного комплекса ArcGIS и Microsoft Excel. Результаты. Установлена степень влияния типов фаций ландшафтной местности на отдельные критерии и индикаторы продуктивности пашни (микроклиматические показатели, водные свойства почвы, элементы плодородия). Проведена пространственная экологически обоснованная дифференциация типов урочищ на типы фаций. Выводы. Наиболее высокой экологической стабильностью обладают склоны северной экспозиции (I-IVn). Они лидируют по содержанию продуктивной влаги, подвижного фосфора и калия. Фации склонов южной экспозиции (I-IVs) лидируют по инсоляции, содержанию гумуса и нитратного азота. Содержание тяжёлых металлов в почвах и урожае пшеницы выше на склонах южной экспозиции и водоразделах второго порядка (IVn). Максимальная урожайность 2,9 т/га была получена на водораздельном типе фаций (V). Установлена тесная связь (r=-0,72) между урожайностью и рH почвенного раствора, средняя -с подвижными формами фосфора (r=0,59) и калия (r=0,84). Ключевые слова: ландшафт, агроландшафт, элементы плодородия, типы фаций, цифровая модель рельефа, урожайность, экологические критерии и индикаторы.
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