In this study, we report the use of ultra-thin VO x film deposited by low temperature (50 °C) atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a hole transport layer (HTL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). High efficient PSCs with a power conversion efficiency of 11.53% are achieved with a ∼1 nm VO x layer. It is found that compared to the pristine ALD-VO x films, UV post-treatment significantly enhances the hole transportation ability of the VO x films. To understand the hole transporting mechanism in the VO x films, the ALD-VO x films grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide are investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy. Our investigation confirms that the defect states below the Fermi level of the VO x facilitate hole extractions, and that a greater V 5+ oxidation state ratio is found in the UV-treated VO x films. This work shows the potential of using low temperature inorganic VO x films as the HTLs for the application of flexible and large-area PSCs.

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Polycrystalline thin films of II-VI semiconductors on foreign polycrystalline (or amorphous) substrates have many applications in optoelectronic devices. In contrast to the extensive studies of the heteroepitaxial growth of compound semiconductors on single-crystal substrates, the nucleation and growth of thin films of II-VI compounds on foreign substrates have received little attention, and the properties of these films are often controlled empirically to optimize device performance. A better understanding of the nucleation, growth, and microstructure will facilitate a better control of the structural and electrical properties of polycrystalline semiconductor films, thereby improving the device characteristics. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) has long been recognized as a promising thin-film photovoltaic material. Under NREL's sponsorship, the University of South Florida has recently developed a record high efficiency (14.6% under global AM1.5 conditions) thin-film CdS/CdTe heterojunction solar cell for potential low-cost photovoltaic applications. The solar cell has the structure:glass (substrate)/SnO2:F/CdS/CdTe/HgTe (contact)The CdS films were grown from an aqueous solution, while the CdTe films were deposited by the closespaced sublimation method.

The development and application of new energy vehicles has always been the focus of the government. As far as the users of new energy vehicles are concerned, the safety and energy-saving effects of operating conditions are of vital importance. Therefore, to fully promote the development of new energy vehicles, we must do a good job in the statistics and processing of new energy real-time vehicle data. This article focuses on the analysis of the effects of distributed storage and computing technology on real-time on-board data processing for new energy vehicles to provide solutions to the difficulties of countries and enterprises in the research and development of new energy vehicles and promote he energy saving of the state and enterprises.