Can. Ent. 103: 261-266 (1971) The flour mill insect, Cyrptolestes turcicus (Grouvelle), was reared on seven diets at 28&1°C and at relative humidities of 90% and 60% as follows: flour from a mill previously infested with C . turcicus, commercial flour sterilized with propylene oxide, unenriched commercial flour, and four laboratory-prepared diets each containing a different concentration of fungi isolated from the previouslyinfested flour.At 90% relative humidity, larvae developed fastest on the infested flour and on the prepared flour-fungi diets, and slowest in sterilized flour. Fungal concentration and rate of larval development were inversely correlated. The highest survival of larvae occurred on the flour-fungi diets and the highest mortality on the flour from the infested mill. There was no clear relationship between rate of pupal development and concentration of fungus. Of the prepared diets, that with the largest concentration of fungus promoted the fastest rate of pupal development. Survival of pupae was about 20% higher on the flour-fungi diets than on the sterilized flour. At 60% relative humidity about 50% of larvae and pupae survived and completed development on the flour-fungi diet containing 1% by weight of fungi, and on the flour from the infested mill but none survived on any of the other diets. Sixty per cent of larvae and 83% of pupae survived and developed on the flour from the infested mill. None of the larvae survived on any of the other diets.
Peridinin-chlorophyll
a
-protein (PCP) complexes isolated from three strains of the symbiotic dinoflagellate
Symbiodinium microadriaticum
Freudenthal have been found to occur in multiple isoelectric forms, but the pattern of isoelectric forms of PCP is characteristic of each strain. Analysis of PCP after growth of the algae from
Tridacna maxima, Cassiopeia frondosa,
and
Rhodactis sancti-thomae
at 22, 57 and 157 μmol m
-2
s
-1
demonstrated that the patterns remained unchanged. Determination of the native molecular mass, quaternary structure and amino acid composition of two isoelectric forms of PCP derived from algae from
Anthopleura elegantissima
and
Rhodactis sancti-thomae
showed similar native molecular masses and amino acid composition, but while PCP from the algae from A.
elegantissima
is dimeric, PCP from algae from
R. sancti-thomae
is monomeric. The potential use of PCP as a taxonomic tool in dinoflagellate systematics and the evolution of multiple forms of these pigment-protein complexes are discussed.
Ceratium furca, a golden-colored dinoflagellate was examined for the presence of a water-soluble form of the peridininchlorophyll a-protein (PCP), the major light harvesting pigment in dinoflagellates. This chromoprotein, once found, was analyzed by gel Filtration, isoelectric focusing and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The intact PCP complex from Ceratium was isolated by molecular sieve column chromatography and in a similar manner was determined to have a molecular weight of 34,000 to 37,000 daltons. The complex consisted of a protein and a chromophore containing peridinin and Chlorophyll a. The ratio of peridinin to Chlorophyll a in the complex was 4: l.s determined by quantitative thin-layer chromatography. SDS-PAGE indicated that the molecular weight of the polypeptide chains thus obtained was about 16,500 daltons. These molecular weights and pigment ratios suggested that the most reasonable stoichiometry for the PCP complex from Ceratium was 4 peridinins, l Chlorophyll a and a protein consisting of two polypeptide chains. The stoichiometry, composition and isoelectric points of the conformers of PCP from Ceratium are similar to that of PCP from another dinoflagellate, Glenodinium sp. (LD 12:12). Irradiance was measured with a United Detector Technology (UDT), 40x optometer (1000 juW cnv 2 (UDT, λ = 400 to 1000 nm) = 1319 μ\ν cm" 2
The conformers of peridinin–chorophyll
a
proteins (PCP), isolated from various strains of the symbiotic dinoflagellate
Symbiodinium
( =
Gymnodinium
)
microadriaticum
and analysed by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels, exhibited different patterns. In most instances the same pattern of conformers was found in each strain when freshly isolated from their respective hosts, after culture, and in two instances also after cloning. These observations suggest that characteristic patterns of PCP are diagnostic of particular strains of
S
.
microadriaticum
. Evidence is presented that generally the patterns do not change with environment. Analysis of PCP could potentially serve as a tool for the identification of strains of
S
.
microadriaticum
and could also serve as a marker for the empirical analysis of sexual recombination.
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