Mechanisms of photoadaptation in three strains of the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium microadriaticum

Chang, S. S.; Prézelin, Barbara B.; Trench, Robert K.

doi:10.1007/bf00393021

Cited by 151 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…When maximum productivity (P max ) is normalized to chlorophyll or surface area, it usually exhibits a direct relationship with irradiance increasing to some asymptotic value once the photosynthetic apparatus is saturated with light, and rarely exhibits photoinhibition of photosynthesis, as commonly observed in phytoplankton (Falkowski et al 1990). On theoretical grounds, Chang et al (1983) used pigment ratios and photosynthetic responses to characterize changes in PSUs and the photoacclimation strategies of zooxanthellae in culture from three cnidarian hosts. Subsequently, Lesser and Shick (1989) used the methods described in Chang et al (1983) to describe a mixed photoacclimatory response (changes in both the size and number of PSUs) for the cultured zooxanthellae of the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On theoretical grounds, Chang et al (1983) used pigment ratios and photosynthetic responses to characterize changes in PSUs and the photoacclimation strategies of zooxanthellae in culture from three cnidarian hosts. Subsequently, Lesser and Shick (1989) used the methods described in Chang et al (1983) to describe a mixed photoacclimatory response (changes in both the size and number of PSUs) for the cultured zooxanthellae of the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida. More recently, direct measurements of PSU size and number by Iglesias-Prieto and Trench (1994) showed that the photoacclimatory response of cultured zooxanthellae involves changes in both PSU size and numbers, that these changes are species specific, and that they reflect the ecological distribution of their respective hosts.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light absorption and utilization by colonies of the congeneric hermatypic corals Montastraea faveolata and Montastraea cavernosa

Lesser

Mazel

Phinney

et al. 2000

Limnology & Oceanography

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The congeneric species Montastraea faveolata and Montastraea cavernosa are important hermatypic corals on reefs throughout the Bahamas, Caribbean, and the Florida reef tract that have overlapping bathymetric distributions. However, these congeners differ in their respective abundance at similar depths. The underlying mechanism for these patterns may partly be because of their relative dependence on photoautotrophy versus heterotrophy. The dependence of these two corals on photoautotrophy was examined quantifying the optical properties and productivity of these two species of corals at two different depths in the Dry Tortugas. Maximum surface irradiances in the Dry Tortugas during this study varied from 1,900 to 2,100 mol quanta m Ϫ2 s Ϫ1. Spectral attenuation coefficients calculated from the 1995 and 1996 irradiance data differed by as little as 10% within the visible wavelengths (photosynthetically active radiation [PAR], 400-700 nm), suggesting year-to-year similarities in the optical properties of the overlying water column. Underwater irradiances of PAR were ϳ400 mol quanta m Ϫ2 s Ϫ1 and 25 mol quanta m Ϫ2 s Ϫ1 at 10 m and 18 m, respectively. Significantly lower rates of maximum photosynthesis were observed for samples of M. cavernosa compared with M. faveolata at 10 m and 18 m. For samples of M. faveolata from both depths, the mean chlorophyll-specific absorption (a*) across all PAR wavelengths was greater than that of M. cavernosa. When spectrally corrected for the underwater light field and used to calculate the minimum quantum requirements (1/ m ) of these corals at each depth, we observed that M. faveolata always had higher 1/ m than M. cavernosa (50 versus 18 quanta O 2 Ϫ1 and 39 versus 15 quanta O 2 Ϫ1 at 10 m and 18 m, respectively). M. cavernosa, with its greater pigment concentrations and lower a*, exhibits a significant package effect that results in a smaller functional optical cross section and lower maximum photosynthetic capacities, whereas M. faveolata at the same depths, despite the greater minimum quantum requirements, has a larger functional optical cross section and enhanced absorption of available visible radiation, resulting in a greater maximum photosynthetic capacity. Based on polyp size, corallite structure, and surface area considerations, M. faveolata appears to depend on photoautotrophy versus heterotrophy to a greater extent than its congener, M. cavernosa. Recent data suggest, however, that polyp size alone may not be a good indicator for differences in trophic strategies and that coordinated studies on feeding and productivity in corals are needed to better understand their ecological distributions.

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Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light absorption and utilization by colonies of the congeneric hermatypic corals Montastraea faveolata and Montastraea cavernosa

Lesser

Mazel

Phinney

et al. 2000

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Mass-specific and carbon-specific, lightsaturated photosynthesis rates show less than 2-fold variations over a wide range of PFDs in nutrient-sufficient cultures of several species of microalgae (Myers 1970, Prezelin 1976, Foy & Gibson 1982, Vincent 1982, Chang et al 1983, Raps et al 1983, Geider 1984, Geider et al 1985. For this discussion we assume that P; is a species-specific constant.…”

Section: Maximum Quantum Efficiency Of Photosynthesis (9)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Size dependence of growth and photosynthesis in diatoms: a synthesis

Geider¹,

Piatt²,

Raven³

1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

190

130

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The dependence of growth and photosythesis on cell size in diatoms is evaluated in terms of an energy-balance model of microalgal physiology. Based on a review of available observations it appears that cell size can account for much of the interspecific variability in maximum growth rate ( p, , , ) and in optical absorption cross-section (ach,). Both CL, and a,,, decrease with increases in cell size. Cell size does not appear to influence the chlorophyll a:carbon ratio, the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis nor the photon flux density (PFD) at which growth rate is llght-saturated. Available observations do not allow an evaluation of the size dependence of maintenance metabolic rates or the PFD at which light compensation of growth occurs. This analysis confirms the competitive advantage of small cell size of microalgae under nutrient-sufficient conditions at both light-saturating and light-limiting growth rates to the extent that small-celled diatoms have enhanced catalytic efficiencies of growth and light absorption.

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“…Although there is considerable genetic variability within the algal symbionts (Rowan 1998), clonal cultures of the symbiotic dinoflagellates are not readily distinguishable on the basis of their photosynthetic attributes (Chang et al 1983;Iglesias-Prieto and Trench 1994; Kinzie and Falkowski unpubl. data).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthesis and photoprotection in symbiotic corals

Gorbunov

Kolber

Lesser

et al. 2001

Limnology & Oceanography

259

245

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In zooxanthellate corals, excess excitation energy can be dissipated as heat (nonphotochemical quenching), thereby providing protection against oxidative damage by supraoptimal light in shallow reefs. To identify and quantify the photoprotective mechanisms, we studied the diel variability of chlorophyll fluorescence yields and photosynthetic parameters in situ in corals, using moored and SCUBA-based fast-repetition-rate fluorometers. The results reveal that nonphotochemical quenching is triggered prior to saturation of photosynthetic electron transport by downregulation of the reaction centers of Photosystem II (PSII). This process dissipates up to 80% of the excitation energy. On a sunny day in shallow waters, the daily integrated flux of photons absorbed, and subsequently dissipated as heat, is ϳ4 times that used for photosynthesis. Fluorescence quenching is further accompanied by a slight reduction in the functional absorption cross section for PSII that results from thermal dissipation of excitation energy in the light-harvesting antennae. These two processes are highly dynamic and adjust to irradiance changes on timescales consistent with the passage of clouds across the sky. Under supraoptimal irradiance, however, up to 30% of PSII reaction centers become photoinhibited, and these are repaired only after several hours of low irradiance. In shallow corals, between 10% and 20% of the reactions centers are chronically photoinhibited and appear to remain permanently nonfunctional throughout the year. Our results establish, for the first time, the suite of biophysical mechanisms that optimize photosynthesis while simultaneously providing photoprotection in symbiotic corals in situ.In zooxanthellate corals, light is essential for growth of the organisms, yet the light environment of the algal symbionts is dictated primarily by where the animal host lives (Falkowski et al. 1990). Although there is considerable genetic variability within the algal symbionts (Rowan 1998), clonal cultures of the symbiotic dinoflagellates are not readily distinguishable on the basis of their photosynthetic attributes (Chang et al. 1983;Iglesias-Prieto and Trench 1994; Kinzie and Falkowski unpubl. data). Thus, to first order, photosynthetic performance does not appear to be a critical determinant of phenotypic selection. Since the irradiance regimes experienced by zooxanthellate associations are 1 Corresponding author (falko@imcs.rutgers.edu). AcknowledgmentsThis research was supported by the Office of Naval Research as part of CoBOP (Coastal Benthic Optical Properties) under grants 97PR00617-00, N0001496F0013, and N000149910004. We thank Zvy Dubinsky, Charlie Mazel, and Uwe Kils for suggestions on instrument design; Eli Perel, Schwalb Norbert, Kevin Wyman, Steve Boose, Denis Klimov, Val Myrnyi, and Peter Nawrot for technical assistance; Judith Grassle, Oscar Schofield, Richard Geider, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript; Emmeline Romana for clerical help; and the staff of Caribbean Marine Research Cent...

show abstract

Mechanisms of photoadaptation in three strains of the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium microadriaticum

Cited by 151 publications

References 29 publications

Light absorption and utilization by colonies of the congeneric hermatypic corals Montastraea faveolata and Montastraea cavernosa

Light absorption and utilization by colonies of the congeneric hermatypic corals Montastraea faveolata and Montastraea cavernosa

Size dependence of growth and photosynthesis in diatoms: a synthesis

Photosynthesis and photoprotection in symbiotic corals

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