No abstract

Introduction:Microalbuminuria (MA), defined as urine albumin to urine creatinine ratio (UACR) of 30 to 300 mg/G of creatinine, is an established risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and for end-stage renal disease in individuals with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile such as those with hypertension or/and diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods:Thirty five patients were included in the study and equal number of age- and sex-matched controls were also included. 2 ml of venous blood was collected for hs-CRP determination and early morning mid stream urine sample was collected under strict aseptic precautions. The lipid profile was estimated in cobas autoanalyzer.Results:There was significant increase in levels of Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, microalbumin, and hs-CRP (P< 0.001) in patients with myocardial infarction compared to healthy controls.Conclusion:Therefore, MA and hsCRP evaluation may have potential role in improving cardiovascular risk prediction, when used along with traditional lipid profiles.

No abstract

Dependence on alcohol, nicotine and duration of alcohol consumption are known to alter thyroid function tests. This study was conducted to assess the effect of interaction between the duration of alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence on TFT. The subjects consisted of 38 male patients with alcohol dependent syndrome co morbid with nicotine dependent syndrome, 33 male patients with alcohol dependent syndrome and 30 male normal healthy volunteers. Liver function tests, haematological parameters and thyroid function tests were assayed. Two way multivariate ANOVA was used to assess the interaction effect by SPSS 21 package. Multivariate analysis of combined TFT levels revealed no significant ( = .078) difference amongst groups based on alcohol dependence, significant difference ( = .001) amongst groups based on duration of alcohol consumption and no significant ( = .604) interaction effect between duration of alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence. Tests of between subject effects for individual TFT revealed significant ( = .014) difference in T3 between groups based on alcohol dependence, significant difference in the levels of fT4 ( = .001), T3 ( = .07) and T4 ( < .001) between groups based on duration of alcohol consumption was observed. Interaction between the effect of duration of alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence for individual TFT did not reveal any significance. fT4, TSH and T4 levels were significantly low in persons consuming alcohol for more than 20 years. TSH levels were significantly low in ADS compared to controls. Significant decrease in the levels of thyroid hormones was observed as the duration of alcohol consumption increased.

Given the paucity of studies conducted to know the effect of suddenness and earlier onset of endocrinological changes associated with hysterectomy, on the serum and urinary levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphate the present study was conducted to compare the levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphate in serum and urine of hysterectomised and natural menopausal south Indian women. This is a cross-sectional observational study. The study included three groups of 30 healthy premenopausal, 30 early surgical menopausal and 30 natural post menopausal women. Women suffering from any endocrine disease were excluded. Analysis was performed in serum and urine sample. The levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphate in serum and calcium/creatinine, magnesium/ creatinine and phosphate/creatinine ratio were estimated in urine by spectrophotometric method. Hysterectomised women (serum calcium: 8.7 ± 0.09 mg/dl; urine calcium/ creatinine: 0.16 ± 0.02) have significantly low serum calcium (p \ 0.001) and high urinary calcium/creatinine (p = 0.002) ratio and post menopausal women (serum magnesium: 2.1 ± 0.03; serum phosphate: 4.4 ± 0.16; urinary calcium/creatinine: 0.17 ± 0.02; urinary magnesium/creatinine: 0.09 ± 0.01) have significantly high serum magnesium (p = 0.016), serum phosphate (p = 0.043) and high urinary calcium/creatinine (p = 0.002), magnesium/ creatinine ratio (p = 0.025) compared to healthy pre menopausal women. Post menopausal women (serum calcium: 9.1 ± 0.08) have significantly high serum calcium and phosphate compared to hysterectomised women (serum phosphate: 3.93 ± 0.11). Hysterectomised women have significantly low serum calcium, oestrogen and high urinary calcium/creatinine ratio compared to healthy premenopausal women and low serum calcium and low serum phosphate compared to natural postmenopausal women. Natural postmenopausal women had low serum oestrogen and high serum magnesium, serum phosphate, urinary calcium creatinine ratio and urinary magnesium creatinine ratio compared to healthy premenopausal women.