Background: Groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is known as the ‘king’ of oilseeds. It is one of the most important food and cash crop of India. Among different constraints that limit the productivity of groundnut, weed menace is one of the serious bottlenecks. A field experiment was conducted at Perunthalaivar Kamaraj Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Puducherry during 2019 to 2020 to study the tank mix application of post-emergence herbicides for efficient weed control in Groundnut. Methods: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 13 treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of weed management practices viz., pre emergence herbicide pendimethalin and post emergence herbicide viz., imazethapyr, quizalofop-ethyl and those herbicides used either alone or combined with hand weeding once. In addition, hand weedings twice at 15 and 30 DAS were tested with unweeded check. Result: The experiment results of the two years study revealed that the Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg ai ha-1 (PE) + tank mix of Imazethpyr (40%) + Quizalofop ethyl (60%) at 20-30 DAS recorded maximum plant height (58.17 cm), DMP (36.81 g plant-1), Significantly higher pod yield (3752 kg ha-1), highest net income (₹ 90,762 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.80). Correlation and Regression analysis also indicated that the yield attributes had a positive impact on groundnut yield.
The highest net return was found in continuous application (two times) especially in the treatment biochar @ 10 t + 100 % NPK + FYM with Rs.67,928 ha-1 followed by biochar @ 10 t + 75 % NPK + FYM treatment with Rs.67,172 ha-1. The next higher net return was registered in biochar @ 10 t + 75 % NPK + FYM treatment under one time application with Rs. 62,970/-.Comparing the studies, the two times application (biochar @ 10 t ha-1 time-1) recorded an addition of Rs. 5,565/- only over one time application. Therefore one time application (biochar @ 10 t ha-1) considered to be an economically viable management technology than two times application in the cotton – maize – cowpea cropping sequence. One time conjoint application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 along with 75 % recommended dose of NPK fertilizers and 12.5 t ha-1 of FYM i.e., (biochar @ 10 t + 75 % NPK + FYM) to cotton and following the general recommended practices for maize and cowpea to be the best combination suited for enhancing higher benefit cost ratio of 1.45 under cotton – maize – cowpea cropping system in Inceptisol (Vertic Ustropept) of Periyanaickenpalayam series of Coimbatore District.
The incubation experiment was carried out to evaluate the best organic sources Such as farm yard manure (FYM), municipal solid waste compost and industrial by – products such as bagasse ash, rice husk and inorganic fertilizers on nutrient release pattern in sandy loam soils of Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India. The outcomes showed that pH of the soil was reduced by incubation with organic sources. The application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM@ 25t ha-1(T5) outperformed other treatments among organic sources by recording the lowest pH of 7.0 at 90 Days (DAI). The EC of the soil was reduced by the FYM application. Similarly the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the incubation mixture were significantly increased over the control.
Application of biochar had significantly increased the available N, P and K contents in the post harvest soil of cotton field. However, the effect was increased with corresponding increase in the rate of application of biochar. Significantly highest values were recorded in biochar @ 10 t ha-1 application. Similar trend of direct effect was also registered in the post harvest soil of maize under both the cumulative (continuous application) and residual (one time application) studies. Proving the biochar’s ability in improving the soil physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties even in the succeeding maize crop soil. The application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 had increased the available N by 5.21 per cent, available P by 8.97 per cent and available K by 8.18 per cent over control. Thus, proving the biochar’s ability to sustain the soil fertility status over long run.
Aim: To evaluate the performance of existing models of rice transplanters in different soil types, to evaluate the performance of existing models of power weeder in different soil types, and to reduce the cost of cultivation and enhance the rice production and profitability. Study design: Strip plot design with different soil types as main-plot treatments(3),existing models of rice transplanter(5) as sub-plot treatment and existing models of power weeder(3) as sub-sub-plot treatments. Place and duration: Experiments were conducted in six locations of delta zones of Tamil Nadu representing three soil types’ viz., sandy clay loam, sandy loam, and clay loam during samba season(2019 & 2020) with the medium duration rice variety ‘TKM 13. Methodology: Transplanter machine related parameters of actual field efficiency, theoretical capacity and field efficiency and weeder machine related parameters of field capacity and field efficiency and weed control efficiency was observed in different soil types. Suitability of transplanter and weeder combination on rice growth and yield parameters and yield, reduction of cost of cultivation and increase in net return and net income were observed and calculated. Results: Among growth and yield parameters, the 6 row yanmar transplanter along with conoweeding combination were recorded higher tillers and productive tillers (16.28 &20.65/hill), number of filled grains (113&145/panicle) seed yield (5922 &5733kg/ha) respectively in sandy clay loam and sandy loam soil. Similarly, higher net return(Rs.70195/ha& Rs.55343/ha)) and BCR(2.62& BCR(2.28) in sandy clay loam and sandy loam soil respectively. Furthermore, they achieved additional grain yield of 1769 kg/ha and 1873 kg/ha with the additional net profit of Rs.37027/ha& Rs.34813/ha in sandy clay loam and sandy loam soil respectively. Yanmar 8 row transplanter along with single row power weeder combination were recorded higher productive tillers (15.25/hill), filled grains(122/panicle) and seed yield (5506 kg/ha) with higher net return (Rs.58175/ha) and BCR(2.32) in clay loam soil. Furthermore, they achieved with an additional grain yield of 1121 kg/ha with additional net profit of Rs.24618/ha and net income change of Rs.24618/ha in clay loam soil compared to farmers practice. Conclusion: Cultivation of rice by using 6 row yanmar transplanter and weeding by cono weeder along with agronomic practices is important to achieve higher yield performance and net return and BCR in sandy clay loam soil and sandy loam soil. Cultivation of rice by using 8 row Yanmar transplanter for transplanting and single row power weeder for weeding operation along with recommended agronomic practices is important to achieve higher yield performance and net return and BCR in clay loam soil.
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