Purpose. To ensure the constantly growing volume of freight transportations it is necessary to introduce the innovation rolling stock. It should have the best technical and economic parameters in comparison with the existing fleet. Gondola car is the most popular type of railway freight car. Designs of the modern gondolas are based on many years of operating experience and numerous tests carried out by design and research organizations in the field of car building. To improve the body structure of gondolas it is necessary to perform a review of the existing structures and to identify the trends in their improvement. Methodology. The works on improvement the designs of produced gondolas are held by many engineering organizations in almost all industrialized countries. Analysis of the existing body designs of gondola cars is possible by analyzing the research in the field of transport engineering, namely patents, scientific articles, producers catalogues and so on. Findings. When analyzing it was determined that there are gondolas of different designs, but the most common are the gondolas with a solid floor and unloading hatches, the covers of which form the floor of gondola design. An effective method for reducing the gondola empty weight and increasing the body volume is also the use of aluminum alloy instead of steel. Results of the improvement analysis of the gondola bodies` designs showed that the creation of the modern gondola car requires from designers and scientists the implementation of scientific and technical solutions providing the increase of carrying capacity and the body volume, reduction of the gondolas empty weight, increase in repair intervals while improving the strength and dynamic qualities at the same time. Originality. For the first time the gondolas designs were analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages were considered and the trends in improvement of the given structures of gondola cars were determined. Practical value. The generalization of theoretical, scientific and methodological, experimental studies aimed at further improving the technical and economic parameters of gondola cars are urgent when improving the body structure of the gondola cars. The above mentioned design features of the bodies of some models of modern gondola cars have practical value and can be used in further developments.
Purpose. The research aimes at obtaining of new knowledge in «air conditioning» direction development at railway transport using products and services of Web of Science (WoS) scientometric database. Chronological frameworks of the studied scientific articles are – 2010-2015 years. Methodology. In order to obtain relevant empirical data the authors reviewed the world literature on the paper topic with the use of full-texts and abstract databases. The algorithm of «incremental» actions in WoS was considered according to: 1) forming the «core» of publications; 2) establishment of the most «top» issues; 3) identifying the most intellectually productive authors; 4) determining the representation level of thematic publications of Ukrainian scientists in WoS; 5) the presence of collaboration among scientists from different countries on the investigational subject. Findings. The authors proved: 1) climate comfort, energy efficiency and thermal comfort are the top-themes of «air conditioning» direction at railway transport; 2) Ukrainian scientists have not yet joined to the global processes in the thematic scientific information sharing; 3) the most intellectually productive authors of scientific articles are China’s scientists; 4) there is no information about international collaboration of scientists on the investigational subject. Originality. The authors firstly conducted scientometric research in the field of railway transport (subject area «air conditioning») on the basis of products and services in the global WoS citation database. Practical value. Based on the results, one can correct personal exploration research of individual scientists or research teams as well as predict further prospects of the subject «air conditioning» direction at the railway transport. Survey data may also be useful in the study of the «Scientific information system and scientometrics» subject, organization of workshops, training courses, etc.
основних систем життєзабезпечення, в т. ч. забезпечення параметрів якісного мікроклімату в вагоні рухомого складу, знаходяться в фокусі уваги винахідників і дослідників світу. Дослідження спрямовано на огляд та аналіз патентів у напрямі системи клімат-комфорту, опалення, вентиляції та кондиціонування повітря (CCHVAC) залізничних пасажирських вагонів (хронологічні рамки: 2011-2017 рр. з дня публікації). Методика. У ході дослідження був виконаний огляд патентів (зарубіжних і вітчизняних) в області CCHVAC у пасажирських транспортних засобах, зокрема таких, як залізничні вагони, їх оптимізації та способів управління ними. Патентний пошук проведено за певними пошуковими критеріями: ключовими словами, часовими рамками та в різних патентних системах світу. Використано міждисциплінарний підхід. Результати. За підсумками пошуку знайдено 157 патентів, із яких вибрано для аналізу 21 документ. Патенти систематизовані в три групи: «Нові технічні та технологічні рішення у системах і засобах функціонування HVAC», «Нові та удосконалені рішення для управління системою HVAC в транспортному засобі», «Озонування повітря в пасажирських вагонах». Встановлено, що всі патенти одним із аспектів мають вирішення питань більш екологічного, енергоефективного та безпечного застосування систем CCHVAC на залізничному транспорті. Наукова новизна. Доведено високий рівень проникнення зв'язків між різними технічними областями, до яких відносяться патенти з CCHVAC. Встановлено, що для них характерним є призначення більшості патентних рішень для використання не в суто залізничній галузі, а взагалі на транспорті. Практична значимість. Підтвердження високого рівня проникнення зв'язків між різними технічними областями дозволить відображати наявність технічних проблем із CCHVAC та технологій їх вирішення в усьому світі. Це сприятиме більш інтенсивному технологічному підйому в удосконаленні систем життєзабезпечення пасажирського рухомого складу. Ключові слова: пасажирський рухомий склад; залізничний вагон; патент; система клімат-комфорту; опалення, вентиляція та кондиціонування повітря; HVAC
Purpose. Due to operation in complex loading conditions, the rolling stock wheelsets should provide high reliability, since the train traffic safety largely depends on them. Design and technical condition of wheelsets affect the smoothness, intensity of forces generated by the interaction between the car and track, and the motion resistance. Specificity of the axle operation consists in the fact that it undergoes the bending stresses under loading. These stresses are unevenly distributed along the cross-sectional area, reaching the highest values in the outer fibers and the minimal values in the internal ones. This aspect sets the problem of replacement of the uniform cross section with the hollow cross section. The disadvantages of hollow axle design, which are used at the present time, should include a significant manufacturing complexity of the variable section cavity. The purpose is to develop a modernized design of the wheelset axle. Methodology. A construction of the hollow axle having an inner longitudinal cylindrical through hole of the constant diameter throughout its length was proposed. The item is made of steel seamless tube. The inner surface of the tube is treated by mechanical means to remove the voltage concentrations in the internal longitudinal cylindrical through hole, which has a constant diameter along the entire length of the axle. Findings. Application of this design will facilitate manufacturing of the hollow axle and the machining of the inner longitudinal through hole, while retaining all the use advantages of the hollow axle in the rolling stock wheel pairs. Another use advantage of the hollow axle of this design is the absence of partial heterogeneity of the metal, which is inevitably, occurs during the solid axles blanking. Originality. A new design of the wheelset hollow axle of railway rolling stock was proposed. Practical value. Introduction of the new design simplifying the manufacture and mechanical treatment of the inner cavity of the wheel pair axle will bring significant economic benefits. According to preliminary calculations, the use of the axle with the uniform cross section cavity will reduce the metal consumption by 100-110 kg.
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