Decision making for integrated pest management of the South American tomato pinworm based on sexual pheromone trapsThe relationship between the productivity and the infestation of Tuta absoluta on tomato plants and adults caught in sexual pheromone traps was established to evaluate the effect of pest infestation on yield losses as well as on adults' density for decision-making improvement. Sexual pheromone traps were installed in three commercial fields of tomato in São Paulo State, Brazil (Mogi Guaçu, Tambaú and Sorocaba counties) with experimental plots of 18,000 plants each (1.5 ha). The presence of insects in the traps as well as the infestation on plants were evaluated twice a week on the same dates. The evaluations took place until harvesting. The productivity was expressed as marketable boxes of 24 kg/1000 plants. The relationship between tomato production and pest infestation on plants or pheromone traps was linear and negative. The adults' occurrence on traps and plant infestation showed an influence on yield losses. The action level of T. absoluta with sexual pheromone traps was 45 ± 19.50 insects daily.
Biological Aspects of the Leafhoppers Acrogonia gracilis (Osborn), Dilobopterus costalimai Young and Oncometopia facialis (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck ABSTRACT-The biological aspects of the leafhoppers Acrogonia gracilis (Osborn), Dilobopterus costalimai Young and Oncometopia facialis (Signoret) on young plants of Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck was studied at 25±2ºC, relative humidity of 60±10% and photophase of 12h. These species are vectors of Xylella fastidiosa Wells to citrus. Five instars were observed for D. costalimai and O. facialis and six for A. gracilis. The mean duration from egg to adult and longevity were, respectively, 54.5 and 72.4 days for A. gracilis, 54.7 and 36.4 days for D. costalimai and 67.1 and 15.5 days for O. facialis.
Monitoring the tomato fruit borer population for the control decisionThe relation between the number of plants with eggs and the number of tomato fruit borer adults trapped in sexual pheromone traps and, also, the influence of infestation on the tomato crop production were evaluated. Commercial tomato fields in Monte Mor, São Paulo State, were divided into plots for the installation of traps. With an interval of 3.7 days, the density of trapped adults and the fruit infestation with eggs were evaluated. The study was carried out between 2003 and 2007 seasons for crops in Summer and Winter cycles. The evaluations were carried out until the end of the harvest and commercial and discarded production were evaluated. The chemical pest control was carried out when the infestation reached 5% of plants with eggs on fruits. The population was more significant in Summer cycle crops. The increase of the number of males trapped in sexual pheromone traps corresponded to an increase in the infestation of eggs on fruits and infestation influenced positively the discarded production. The installation of the traps must be done before the flowering stage and the control should be performed about eight days after the registration of an average of 0.24 and 0.23 adult per trap per day for the summer and winter cycles, respectively.
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