Neem is a perennial plant of family Meliaceae grown very commonly in India. During a survey in Rajasthan, India; a population of root-knot nematode was found in association with tender neem plants causing yellowing, stunting, and heavy root galling. Inspection of the perineal pattern morphology of the adult females, extracted from the galled roots, primarily led to identification of the species as Meloidogyne indica. Further, detailed morphological and morphometric illustrations of second-stage juveniles, males and females were carried out by light compound and scanning electron microscopy. Gross morphology and measurements were found consistent with the original description of M. indica infecting citrus by Whitehead (1968). The neem population was found to infect and reproduce on citrus. Additionally, evolutionary relationship was deduced by Maximum likelihood method using ITS rRNA, D2D3 expansion segment of 28S rRNA and mitochondrial COI sequences. Phylogenetic analyses based on these sequences showed sufficient divergence of M. indica to be differentiated as a unique species under the genus Meloidogyne.
Brinjal (Solanum melongena) is an important Solanaceae family vegetable, which is grown all around the world. It is affected by various fungal, bacterial, viral, nematode diseases but it is a major host for root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica. Hence, for effective management of root-knot nematode experiment was conducted in field condition using the culture filtrate (3gm/kg soil) of bio-agents (viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Pochonia chlamydosporia and Pseudomonas fluorescens). The findings of the experiments revealed that, when compared to the control, all of the tested bio-agents considerably improved plant development characteristics and decreased nematode populations. Among the tested bio-agents T. viride was found most effective treatment with improve plant growth characters as well as in reducing nematode population over other treatment in field condition.
A field study was carried out to identify the sources of resistance for cereal cyst nematode in Barley at three locations; Ludhiana, Durgapura and Hisar during three crop seasons from 2015-18. Out of 625 screened entries at three locations, none of the entry was found to be resistant to all the three populations, however, the four lines i.e. RD-2977, BH-959, RD-2794 and RD-2957 were found resistant to Jaipur and Hisar CCN population only. Further, PL-874 (2015-16), RD-2927RD- (2016 and BH-946 (2017-18) were found moderately resistant to Ludhiana and Jaipur populations. These results clearly indicate that Ludhiana population was more virulent than other two populations. Therefore, plant breeders can use PL-874, RD-2927 and BH-946 to breed barley varieties resistant against Ludhiana CCN populations.
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