A screening test was devised to rapidly evaluate catalysts for hydroprocessing residua in which demetalation and desulfurization are carried out as a batch reaction. This test was used to evaluate the performance of fresh water manganese nodules and cobalt-molybdenum on a wide pore alumina as catalysts for demetalizing and desulfurizing residua. The effects of temperature, hydrogen pressure, and reaction time were explored and the results indicate that, up to about 83% metals and sulfur removal, demetalation and desulfurization reactions are best described by second-order kinetics. Above 83% metals and sulfur removal the data can be described by a first-order rate equation. The reaction rate was dependent on particle size from 8 to 150 mesh manganese nodules. Second-order demetalation rate constants obtained with the cobalt-molybdenum on alumina catalyst were about 2.5 times greater than those measured using fresh water manganese nodules at 2000 psig of H2 and were about the same at 1000 and 500 psig of H2.
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