Comparative assessment of methanolic extracts of Spondias mombin leaves and Curcuma longa rhizomes on Blood Glucose and Glycosylated Haemoglobin using male wistar rats as models was attempted. 90 rats divided into 9 groups of 10 rats each were used. Groups: 1: Untreated non diabetic; 2: Untreated diabetic; 3: diabetic + low dose (200mg/kg/b.w) Spondias mombin; 4: diabetic + high dose (400mg/kg/b.w) Spondias mombin; 5: diabetic + low dose (500mg/kg/b.w) Curcuma longa; 6: diabetic + high dose (1000mg/kg/b.w) Curcuma longa; 7: diabetic + low dose combined (200mg/kg/b.w) Spondias mombin and (500mg/kg/b.w) Curcuma longa; 8: diabetic + high dose combined (400mg/kg/b.w) Spondias mombin and (1000mg/kg/b.w) Curcuma longa; and diabetic + (0.6mg/kg/b.w) glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced intraperitonially using alloxan at 200mg/kg. Treatments with extracts were orally and for 42days. Blood was collected on day 43 by cardiac puncture for determination of blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin. A significant decrease in blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations was observed in all the treated groups compared to group 2 (p< 0.05). Groups 7 and 8 rats showed a significant reduction in blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin compared to groups 3 to 6 (p< 0.05). Spondias mombin apparently showed better anti-diabetic effects compared to Curcuma longa as seen amongst Groups 3 and 4 rats compared to Groups 5 and 6 rats. Result suggest that combined treatment with Spondias mombin and Curcuma longa may possess better anti-diabetic effects compared to administration of each singly. We recommend further studies in this regard.
Aim/ Background: One of the classical features of diabetes mellitus is weight loss which may become excessive in some cases. This basically results from muscle wasting due to increased catabolism of proteins. The commonly used antidiabetic drug; glibenclamide may not effectively prevent the excessive weight loss experienced by some diabetics. This is the reason why some complain of even extreme weight loss while on medication. Thus addition of a natural product with the potential to prevent excessive weight loss and make diabetics appear healthy while on treatment may be necessary. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of honey on the body weight of glibenclamide treated alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: This study was carried out between September and October, 2015. A total of 20 male wistar rats weighing 200-250g were grouped into four with 5 rats in each group. Diabetes mellitus was induced in all the rats by intraperitoneally injecting 2% alloxan solution as 200mg/kg body weight. Each rat was weighed before and after the experiment and recorded accordingly. The animals received respectively oral administration of the following: Group one; 5.0ml/kg/day of distilled water, Group two; 5.0ml/kg/day of 50% honey, Group three; 5.0ml/kg/day of 50% honey together with 0.6mg/kg/day of glibenclamide, Group 4; glibenclamide alone (0.6mg/kg/day). The animals were treated for 4weeks. Results: There was significant increase in the mean final weight of the honey treated group compared to their initial weight. Conversely, significant mean weight reduction was noted for rats treated with glibenclamide alone. However, when honey was added to glibenclamide treatment, the weight loss was minimized. Conclusion: The present study showed that addition of honey to glibenclamide in the treatment of alloxan diabetic rats significantly improved the body weight compared to when the drug was administered alone. The study suggests that glibenclamide has a limited capability to stimulate the already damaged beta cells to stimulate insulin. However, when given together with honey, its anti-oxidant components may have prevented excessive protein catabolism. There could also be possible honey-induced pancreatic beta cell regeneration.
Cadmium disrupts the blood-testes barrier, interferes with various antioxidant levels thus enhancing lipid peroxidation and ultimately leading to apoptosis and necrosis of testicular tissue. Moringa oleifera is a medicinal plant and a rich source of essential phytochemicals possessing antioxidant properties. The effect of aqueous leaf extract of M. oleifera on reproductive function following cadmium chloride induced oxidative stress in male Wistar rats was investigated. Forty adult male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups of eight rats each. Treatment was administered orally daily as follows: Group 1 (control): animal feed and tap water ad libitum; Group 2: 5 mg kg-1 cadmium chloride for 21 days; Group 3: 500 mg kg-1 of M. oleifera and 5 mg kg-1 of cadmium chloride for 21 days; Group 4: 5 mg kg-1 cadmium chloride for 21 days followed by 500 mg kg-1 M. oleifera for the next 35 days; Group 5: 5 mg kg-1 cadmium chloride for 21 days followed by 750 mg kg-1 M. oleifera for the next 35 days. At the end of treatment, blood was obtained by direct cardiac puncture for fertility hormone assay and testicular tissue specimens were harvested for semen analysis and determination of antioxidant levels. Results obtained indicated that rats treated with the various extracts had significantly increased superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and catalase levels, increased serum concentrations of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone and increased percentage of viable and normal spermatozoa compared to control and only cadmium chloride treated rats (p < 0.05). The results obtained suggest that treatments with M. oleifera extract could ameliorate possible cellular damage caused by administration of cadmium chloride.
Exposure to lead (Pb2+) is known to portend serious damaging effects on the kidneys which are central to drug and substances excretion. Hence, a natural chelating agent such as honey is sought to attenuate the deleterious effects of lead induced renal damage. This study investigated the ameliorative influence of honey on renal function in lead – induced nephrotoxicity in wistar rats. Twenty-four (24) adult male Wistar rats (weighing 180-200g) were divided into four groups of six (n=6) rats each. Group 1: served as (negative control) and received distilled water and rat chow ad libitum. Group 2: served as positive control received 10mg/kg bw of Lead. Group 3: Received 2mls of 50% dilution of honey. Group 4: Received 10mg/kg bw of Lead + 2mls of 50% dilution of honey. All treatments were daily administered orally using oral gavage and lasted for 28 days. At the end of drug administration, experimental animals were anaesthetized using ketamine. Cardiac puncture was used for blood collection for analysis of renal function parameters. Significant (p<0.05) elevations in the serum potassium, uric acid, urea and creatinine were observed for the lead (Pb) treated group compared to the control. However, there were significant (p<0.05) decrease in the serum levels of sodium, potassium, uric acid, urea and creatinine in the groups treated with honey alone and honey + lead (Pb) when compared with the lead (Pb) treated group. These results strongly suggest a possible tubular disruption and consequent alteration of ionic pumps, and ion channels within the renal tubules due to lead (Pb) exposure. This clearly points to the fact that honey may possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It can be concluded that oral administration of honey confers a protective and ameliorative potentials against heavy metals (lead) induced kidney dysfunction in experimental animal models. However, lead (Pb2+) toxicity may seem to possess inhibitory properties on the renal Na+/K+ ATPase; because of reduced serum sodium with increased serum potassium levels recorded in this study.
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